Biomedical subjects
J K Oates
Publications and source records attributed to J K Oates.
Passive immunization in ARC and AIDS.
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Polymerase chain reaction evidence for human immunodeficiency virus 1 neutralization by passive immunization in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
We tried to assess the long-term safety and potential efficacy of passive immunization in AIDS-related-complex (ARC) and AIDS patients. We also wanted to establish whether hyperimmune plasma from healthy human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals clears the cell-free virus from circulation. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we were able to provide conclusive evidence that hyperimmune plasma is effective and maintains long-term neutralization of viremia. Using the cell test, we found that in most patients the total antibody level was maintained; in one of the ARC patients, it actually increased 8-fold and has remained at that level for nearly 2 years. The CD4+ cell count decreased in the AIDS patients but was stable in the ARC patient. Clinically, there was an initial improvement in all patients, but five of six of the advanced/terminal AIDS patients had died by month 17. Our studies suggest that passive immunization may be safe in ARC and AIDS patients. It reduces HIV-1 viremia to levels undetectable even by PCR. To advanced/terminal patients, the benefit is of limited duration, while to ARC patients it may be long-term. Therefore, passive immunization should start early in the disease.
Focal vulvitis and localised dyspareunia.
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Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. A review.
Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis is an uncommon cause of an intractable vaginitis often accompanied by serious dyspareunia, which can occur at any stage of reproductive life and after the menopause. The cytological changes are identical with those seen in atrophic vaginitis yet the disorder often occurs in the presence of apparently normal ovarian function. Vaginal synechiae and stenosis develop in an appreciable number of patients. Treatment is unsatisfactory though there is some response to either local or systemic steroid therapy. The literature is reviewed and the association of some cases with lichen planus of the mouth and genitals discussed. Its causation and natural history remain largely unknown and there is as yet, insufficient evidence to regard it as a single entity. It is likely that the incidence of the disorder is underestimated.
Use of Karpas HIV cell test to detect antibodies to HIV-2.
Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for HIV-1 infection often fail to detect antibodies to HIV-2. A simplified version of the HIV cell test detects antibodies to this new virus and enables typing of HIV infections. Since sera from 3 macaque monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus gave weakly positive reactions, this test holds promise for discovering any further strains of HIV that may exist or evolve.
Ultraviolet and recurrent herpes.
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Prevalence of anti-HTLV-III in UK risk groups 1984/85.
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Effect of short term treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis with minocycline.
Two hundred and forty four men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) took part in a trial of minocycline. Chlamydiae were isolated from 34%, ureaplasmas from 47.1%, and Mycoplasma hominis from 10.2%. These micro-organisms were isolated least often from men suffering their third or more attack of NGU, and men in this group failed most often to respond to minocycline. Irrespective of the micro-organisms isolated originally or the number of previous attacks, the failure rate (10%) for men receiving minocycline for 10 days was significantly less than for those receiving this antibiotic for one or two days. More than half of the men suffering third attacks from whom micro-organisms were not isolated failed to respond to these short regimens. One of the lowest failure rates (4%) after short term treatment, however, was seen in men experiencing first attacks who yielded only ureaplasmas with or without M hominis, which indicates the importance of ureaplasmas in this group of patients. Chlamydiae were not reisolated from any patient after treatment, irrespective of its duration, and the only ureaplasmas that were reisolated were from nine patients who carried tetracycline resistant strains. Reasons for the absence of chlamydiae and ureaplasmas in the presence of disease and the need to look for other microorganisms as a cause of NGU are discussed among other issues raised by these results.
Lytic infection by British AIDS virus and development of rapid cell test for antiviral antibodies.
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Clinical work-load of HTLV-III infection.
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The pill does not cause 'thrush'.
Contraceptive method, presence or absence of genital candidosis and other genital infections or conditions were recorded in 1363 new patients attending three different genitourinary medical clinics. Genital candidosis was present in 28% but was not associated with oral contraceptive usage; it seemed more likely to be associated with other genital disorders, especially non-specific infection and viral infections.
Venereophobia.
Some patients refuse to accept that they do not have a sexually transmitted disease despite vigorous reassurances. Why do they behave in this fashion and how can they be recognized?
Entamoeba histolytica in male homosexuals.
The mobility patterns of four enzymes using cultured trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were examined by electrophoresis. By this means the stocks of amoebae isolated from male homosexuals were characterised into zymodemes. No amoebic stock isolated corresponded to a pathogenic zymodeme.
Non-specific vaginitis: its diagnosis and treatment.
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Follicular cervicitis--colposcopic appearances and association with Chlamydia trachomatis.
Follicular cervicitis was recognised in 15 (44 per cent) of 34 women who were examined colposcopically and who were sexual partners of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Valid results of culture for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained in 26 cases: the organism was isolated from the cervix of five of 11 women in whom follicular cervicitis had been diagnosed, but from only one of 15 whose cervices did not have this change. A similar correlation was not found for infection with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.