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Biomedical subjects

J K Schkade

Publications and source records attributed to J K Schkade.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of a skiing experience on adolescents with limb deficiencies: an occupational adaptation perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Effects of a 6-day snow skiing trip on 14 adolescents with limb deficiencies were explored. The purpose was to determine whether components of mastery and self-esteem could be identified. METHOD: Participant observation data collection methods included videotape, interviews, daily progress notes by ski instructors, and a 1-month posttrip questionnaire. Data were analyzed for evidence of efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction to self and others (properties of relative mastery described in occupational adaptation.) Skier reports of positive effects were analyzed for indications of an impact on self-esteem. Three occupational therapists who have extensive experience working with adolescents also reviewed videotapes and written information. RESULTS: The therapists acknowledged the presence of skill mastery as an important component of skiers' positive self-evaluation. They also commented that evidence of preexisting self-esteem and social aspects of the trip were as likely to produce positive effects as mastery of skiing. CONCLUSION: Research method considerations (use of participant observation for hypothesis testing) preclude definitive interpretation of a link between skill mastery and self-esteem. Short-term positive effects of the skiing experience reported by questionnaire were present 1 month after the trip. Long-term effects should be studied.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Occupational adaptation model of professional development as applied to level II fieldwork.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the validity of a model of professional development that was based on occupational adaptation. This model proposes that students have three classes of adaptive response behaviors available for use: primitive, transitional, and mature. METHOD: Eight Level II fieldwork students were assigned to the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, for 12 weeks. Experienced fieldwork supervisors at the medical center developed a taxonomy of behavioral statements consistent with the developmental model's three classes of adaptive response behaviors. This taxonomy was converted to a student log in which supervisors rated the frequency with which the Level II fieldwork students exhibited these behaviors. RESULTS: The patterns of behaviors, which were represented graphically for each of the students, generally supported the predictions of the model. Students demonstrated all three classes of behaviors. Primitive and transitional behaviors emerged when the students experienced increased or unusual demands, even when the students' model behavior was mature. Students temporarily reverted to lower level behaviors when faced with situations that they perceived as too difficult or as too unfamiliar. CONCLUSION: This model of professional development facilitates an understanding of students' development during their transition from classroom to practice setting. Generalization to other settings will require validation of the student log.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Occupational adaptation: toward a holistic approach for contemporary practice, Part 2.

This paper introduces a practice model based on the occupational adaptation frame of reference (Schkade & Schultz, 1992). The occupational adaptation practice model emphasizes the creation of a therapeutic climate, the use of occupational activity, and the importance of relative mastery. Practice based on occupational adaptation differs from treatment that focuses on acquisition of functional skills because the practice model directs occupational therapy interventions toward the patient's internal processes and how such processes are facilitated to improve occupational functioning. The occupational adaptation practice model is holistic. The patient's occupational environments (as influenced by physical, social, and cultural properties) are as important as the patient's sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning and the patient's experience of personal limitations and potential is validated. The integration of these concepts drives the treatment process. Through a description of treatment with a variety of patients, this paper presents the model's diversity and illustrates the relationship between the concepts. The occupational adaptation practice model reflects the uniqueness of occupational therapy and integrates the profession's historical practice with contemporary interventions and methods.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Occupational adaptation: toward a holistic approach for contemporary practice, Part 1.

A theoretical perspective designed for clinical application and based on fundamental occupational therapy principles is offered. This perspective, the occupational adaptation frame of reference, is presented as an articulation of (a) a normal developmental process leading to competence in occupational functioning; (b) the process through which the benefits of occupational therapy occur; and (c) a perspective that promotes holistic practice. The person is viewed as operating occupationally through an idiosyncratic configuration of sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial systems, all of which are inevitably involved in each occupational response. This occupational functioning is described as occurring through interaction of the person with a work, play and leisure, or selfcare context that has distinctive physical, social, and cultural properties (i.e., the occupational environment). Occupational adaptation is a perspective that can influence practice, education, and research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Knowledge and attitudes of occupational therapy students regarding AIDS.

In this pilot study, knowledge regarding AIDS was tested in 36 occupational therapy students and 33 education students. Also measured were the students' attitudes toward AIDS patients and the resulting health care controversies. An analysis of the results revealed no significant differences in knowledge between the two groups. Attitudinal differences between the two groups, however, were significant for two items. Implications for occupational therapy curricula are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational adaptation intervention with patients with cerebrovascular accident: a clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the Occupational Adaptation frame of reference in the evaluation and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA). METHOD: Outcomes of functional independence and discharge environment were measured through a quasi-experimental design. Twenty-five former patients served as the control subjects, and 25 patients admitted after the programmatic implementation of Occupational Adaptation served as the treatment subjects. RESULTS: Data analyses indicated that the Occupational Adaptation subjects achieved higher levels of functional independence and were discharged to less restrictive environments compared with the control subjects. CONCLUSION: Use of intervention guided by the Occupational Adaptation frame of reference was associated with improved functional independence and discharge to less-restricted environments for this group of patients with CVA.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational Adaptation model versus biomechanical-rehabilitation model in the treatment of patients with hip fractures.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of the Occupational Adaptation frame of reference with the biomechanical-rehabilitation model in the treatment of two groups of 20 patients post-hip fracture. METHOD: Using a quasi-experimental design, groups were compared on changes in scores on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), a satisfaction questionnaire developed for this study and discharge environment. RESULTS: No group differences in FIM changes for the total stay were found. However, average FIM score change per day of hospitalization and overall patient satisfaction were higher in the OccupationalAdaptation group. No significant differences in the discharge environment were present. CONCLUSION: Both groups benefited from occupational therapy intervention. Occupational Adaptation was associated with a more efficient outcome and greater patient satisfaction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parent involvement in physical therapy: a controversial issue.

Children with physical disabilities are often treated in physical therapy without a parent present, under the assumption that the parent may "interfere" with therapy and/or the child will be too distracted if a parent is present. The effectiveness of a therapy program with parental involvement was compared to a program without parents involved. Results indicate that training with the mother present was as effective as training without the mother. Our data showed that therapists working with parents can accomplish the goal of therapy in a shorter time period than when the child is treated without the parent.

Cerebral Palsy↗