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Biomedical subjects

J K Trivedi

Publications and source records attributed to J K Trivedi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Depression among women in the South-Asian region: the underlying issues.

BACKGROUND: The condition of women in third-world countries continues to be dismal. They are constantly exposed to such circumstances which make them prone to sufferings. These sufferings bear an irreparable brunt upon the mental health condition of females which are presented as greater psychological problems in terms of depressive disorders. The impact, in turn is felt by the society as a whole which lags behind due to the huge burden. This study is presented to highlight the various factors affecting the presentation of women in the region. METHODS: This is a review of studies in which various issues pertaining to presentation, course, and outcome of depression among women in South-Asian region are discussed. The studies were chosen from Internet-based search. RESULTS: The various factors affecting the problems can be grouped into: social milieu, reproductive health factors, and biological milieu. LIMITATIONS: This study incorporates various studies which were undertaken at different time durations; hence, its finding cannot be reproduced in an exact sense. It is worth mentioning that these factors need to be studied comprehensively for better health care. CONCLUSION: This study gives an indication of specific health care needs of women in the region which are to be customized as per local needs and cultural sanctions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Culturally-sensitive complaints of depressions and anxieties in women.

BACKGROUND: Current classifications of Mental Disorders are centered on Westernized concepts and constructs. "Cross-cultural sensitivity" emphasizes culturally-appropriate translations of symptoms and questions, assuming that concepts and constructs are applicable. METHODS: Groups and individual psychiatrists from various cultures from Asia, Latin America, North Africa and Eastern Europe prepared descriptions of main symptoms and complaints of treatment-seeking women in their cultures, which are interpreted by clinicians as a manifestation of a clinically-relevant dysphoric disorder. They also transliterated the expressions of DSM IV criteria of main dysphoric disorders in their cultures. RESULTS: In many non-western cultures the symptoms and constructs that are interpreted and treated as dysphoric disorders are mostly somatic and are different from the Western-centered DSM or ICD systems. In many cases the DSM and ICD criteria of depression and anxieties are not even acknowledged by patients. LIMITATIONS: The descriptive approach reported here is a preliminary step which involved local but Westernized clinicians-investigators following a biomedical thinking. It should be followed by a more systematic-comprehensive surveys in each culture. CONCLUSIONS: Westernized concepts and constructs of mental order and disorders are not necessarily universally applicable. Culturally-sensitive phenomena, treatments and treatment responses may be diversified. Attempts at their cross-cultural harmonization should take into consideration complex interactional multi-dimensional processes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Suicide: an Indian perspective.

Suicide, as an issue, has attracted the attention of society since time immemorial. Its situation in India and the socio-demographic variables have been discussed along with management profile. The education of physicians and general practitioners in suicide prevention has been stressed.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Disability assessment in mental illnesses using Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS).

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric disorders cause disability in individuals and pose significant burden on their families. In most of the cases residual disability and poor quality of life continue even after disability evaluation in patients with chronic mental illness in very important. The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the disability in patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS). METHODS: Patients diagnosed to have schizophrenia and OCD with mild severity of illness were included in the study. Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS) was applied. Disability was assessed in these patients on all domains of IDEAS. RESULTS: Majority of the patients with schizophrenia were from rural areas whereas most of the patients with OCD were from urban background. There was comparable disability in the patients with schizophrenia with duration of illness in the range of 2-5 yr and >5 yr. Significant disability in work and global score was seen in patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder with duration of illness >5 yr. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher disability in all domains than patients with OCD. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Schizophrenia causes greater disability than obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients. These illnesses affect all areas of daily functioning leading to greater disability, and thus increasing the burden on the family, pose greater challenge for the rehabilitation of patients and their inclusion in the mainstream of the family and society. Further studies on a larger sample need to be done to confirm the finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Depression in general clinical practice.

Worldwide currently about 340 million people suffer from depression. If not treated, it leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include female sex, young age, lower socio-economic study, separated or divorced, positive family history, stressful life events, certain medical illness and so on. Aetiology lies on genetic factors, biochemical abnormality and personality and environmental factors. Clinical features lie on cardinal and other common symptoms. Depression usually starts before 40 years of age, average duration of one episode being 3-9 months. Treatment consists of a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches, pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy. A clinician may start therapy with low dose SSRIs which is considered as 1st line drugs. To educate patients about anti-depressants is very important.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of hypertension in psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of hypertension in our cases with psychiatric disorders and to study if the prevalence is higher in the cases with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Four hundred twenty two cases with various psychiatric disorders attending the Outpatient Department of Psychiatry of our hospital were studied. Detailed clinical evaluation was done in all the cases. Blood pressure was recorded in the sitting position and mean of three readings was taken. Diagnosis and grading of hypertension was done according to the JNC V recommendations. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria. RESULTS: Mean age of the cases was 36.3 years. Prevalence of hypertension in the cases was 7.1%. Prevalence in male and female cases were 7.2% and 7.0%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension in various age groups was 20-39 years--1.48%, 40-60 years--24.4%, > 60 years--33.3%. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of hypertension in our cases with psychiatric disorders was 7.1% which was not higher than the reported prevalence of hypertension in our general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Factors associated with the course and outcome of schizophrenia in India. Results of a two-year multicentre follow-up study.

The paper describes the two-year follow-up results from 323 out of 386 patients fulfilling a modified version of Feighner's criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia, in Lucknow, Vellore, and Madras. There was remission in 66% of cases. Short duration of illness, consistent compliance with medication, positive attitudes of relatives and neighbours, absence of economic difficulties, increase in religious activities on the part of patients, a rural background, and a non-schizoid pre-morbid personality were associated with good outcome. Features of depression, dangerous behaviour, and absence of agitation were associated with poor outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationship of immunoglobulins with the number & duration of schizophrenic episodes.

The relationship of serum and CSF immunoglobulins with the number and duration of schizophrenic episodes was assessed in 40 schizophrenics. The mean IgA was increased in patients having 3 or more episodes as compared with those having the first episode (P less than 0.001). IgM showed a moderate increase in patients with the second episode and those having 3 or more episodes. IgG/TP per cent (IgG/total protein %) was found to be significantly increased in CSF of patients having the first episode, as compared with those having 3 or more episodes (P less than 0.001). IgG was increased (although insignificantly) in the CSF of patients with illness of five years duration as compared to patients having illness of one year duration or for illness between 1-5 yr. IgG/TP per cent was found to be significantly increased in patients having illness for 5 or more years when compared to patients having illness for less than 1 yr (P less than 0.001) and for 1-5 yr (P less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Antianxiety effect of cannabis: involvement of central benzodiazepine receptors.

The present work, involving clinical, behavioral, and biochemical studies, was undertaken to elucidate the probable mechanism of the observed antianxiety effects of cannabis. The population for the clinical study consisted of 50 male chronic cannabis users who were otherwise healthy and 50 matched controls. When evaluated on Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMA), these subjects had low anxiety scores as compared with the controls. To explore the possible interaction of cannabis with the benzodiazepine receptors, behavioral and biochemical studies in mice were devised, involving acute and chronic cannabis administration. Behavioral study revealed that mice under chronic cannabis treatment scored significantly higher on foot shock-induced aggression, but this was significantly blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Furthermore, chronic cannabis treatment significantly (p less than 0.001) increased the frequency of licking response periodically punished by shocks. This confirms the antianxiety effect of cannabis, which also appears to be mediated through a benzodiazepine receptor, as it was reduced significantly (p less than 0.001) by a benzodiazepine receptor blocker. Specific 3H-diazepam binding was carried out in frontal cortex to assess both the population and affinity of benzodiazepine receptors. Our results indicate that acute cannabis treatment has no significant effect, whereas chronic cannabis treatment significantly increased 3H-diazepam binding as compared with controls. Scatchard analysis further reveals that increased affinity is responsible for increased binding to these receptors. It is therefore our contention that the antianxiety effect of cannabis is mediated through central benzodiazepine receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

3H-spiperone binding in platelet membranes: a possible biological marker for schizophrenia.

High-affinity-specific 3H-spiperone binding to platelet membranes was carried out in 30 schizophrenic patients, without prior antipsychotic medication, fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria, and in 30 matched control subjects. The psychosis was rated on the Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Compared with healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients had significantly higher 3H-spiperone binding due to a lower dissociation constant (38%), i.e. increased affinity. No significant difference was observed in the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) between the two groups. It is our contention that 3H-spiperone binding to platelets may be a biological marker for schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗