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J K Wigal

Publications and source records attributed to J K Wigal.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A life activities questionnaire for adult asthma.

The development, testing, and applicability of an instrument, the Life Activities Questionnaire for Adult Asthma is described that can be used to assess activity restriction in adults with asthma. It explains how items for the instrument were selected to insure the validity of the developed instrument. The reliability of the questionnaire is also discussed. The result is a valid and reliable paper-and-pencil instrument that should have wide applicability as a component of quality of life measurement. This instrument has potential for functional use in clinical settings, research environments, and policy-making procedures.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

The COPD Self-Efficacy Scale.

Many individuals with COPD develop a lack of confidence regarding their ability to avoid breathing difficulty while participating in certain activities, however minimal the physical demands of the activity may be. This lack of confidence may be expressed as low self-efficacy. As a result of low self-efficacy, COPD patients may refrain from many routine activities of daily living. Identifying situations in which individuals with COPD experience low self-efficacy would allow the development of specific treatment interventions designed to increase the patient's self-efficacy in those situations and consequently increase activity. We developed a 34-item COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) to assess self-efficacy in individuals afflicted with COPD. The CSES has good test-retest reliability (r = .77), excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .95), and a five-factor structure (negative affect, intense emotional arousal, physical exertion, weather/environmental, and behavioral risk factors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

The Revised Asthma Problem Behavior Checklist.

The Asthma Problem Behavior Checklist (APBC) has proved to be an accurate and invaluable instrument for pinpointing potential behavioral problems in children with the disorder. This article presents the Revised Asthma Problem Behavior Checklist (RAPBC). The value of the RAPBC is that: (a) it has proven reliability when tested with asthmatic adults; (b) the change from a dichotomous yes/no format, used in the APBC, to a 5-point Likert-type answer format adds greater sensitivity to the instrument; and (c) data gathered with the RAPBC compare favorably to information gathered in two previous studies with the APBC. Considering the reliability and validity of the RAPBC, it should prove useful in both clinical and research settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effects of suggestion on the total respiratory resistance of nonasthmatic female subjects.

Bronchodilation suggestion, bronchoconstriction suggestion, or neutral suggestion was given to thirty nonasthmatic female subjects; the effect of the suggestion on the total respiratory resistance (Rt) of the subjects was examined. Subjects were told either (a) that they would inhale a substance which would make their breathing better, (b) that they would inhale a substance which would make their breathing worse, or (c) that they would inhale a substance which would have no effect on their breathing. In actuality, no subject inhaled any substance. Those subjects who were told that their breathing would worsen exhibited a reliable increase in R1, whereas those subjects who were told that their breathing would become better or that their breathing would not be affected exhibited no reliable change in Rt. This study confirmed earlier work, showing that bronchoconstriction suggestion increases Rt in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this study showed that bronchodilation suggestion alone is not sufficient to produce a decrease in Rt.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A method for studying controlled substance use: a preliminary investigation.

This study examined relapse following treatment in a smoking reduction program. Twenty-two smokers with an average daily smoking rate of 25.7 cigarettes were provided a reduction-oriented smoking self-management program. Subjects were then classified on the basis of their reduction at posttreatment. A 50% or greater reduction from pretreatment qualified subjects as successful reducers. To provide further understanding of controlled smoking, subjects who successfully maintained at least a 50% reduction (at three month follow-up) were compared to those subjects who were unable to maintain that level of reduced smoking. A set of cognitive, smoking history, and reduction motivation variables were used to compare the two groups in a stepwise discriminant function analysis. Two variables, internal locus of control and self-label as a nonsmoker, produced an overall correct classification rate of 88.9%. Multiple regression analyses further demonstrated the importance of these two cognitive variables; self-label and internal locus of control accounted for 50.4% of the variance in smoking at three months follow-up. The implications of these findings for future study of controlled smoking are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The "Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale".

According to Bandura, a person's expectations that a favorable outcome will follow a particular behavior are not sufficient to promote the occurrence of the behavior; the person must also believe that he or she will be effective at performing the behavior. The latter is referred to as self-efficacy. It has become a major focus in assessing patient performance of skills required to manage their illness. The present paper describes the development, testing, and applicability of an instrument for assessing self-efficacy in asthmatic patients. It notes that the Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale is not only a reliable paper-and-pencil instrument, but that it has a wide potential applicability throughout health care settings in measuring self-efficacy in asthmatic patients. The Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory airway changes in response to suggestion in normal individuals.

Thirty normal individuals were told they were inhaling a substance that would either cause breathing difficulty (N = 15) or not affect breathing (N = 15). Total respiratory resistance was measured prior to and during inhalation. In reality, the subjects inhaled no substance; inhalation consisted of breathing normally into a respiratory resistance recorder. Individuals who received the former suggestion exhibited increased total respiratory resistance during inhalation, whereas individuals who received the latter suggestion did not. These observations demonstrated that the ability of suggestion to affect the respiratory airway is not limited to asthmatic individuals.

Adolescent↗