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Biomedical subjects

J Kabe

Publications and source records attributed to J Kabe.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The possible involvement of immune complexes in pulmonary granuloma formation in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis].

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a disease caused by inhaled organic dust. The alveolitis and granuloma are characteristic features of HP. The precise mechanism of granuloma formation is still unclear. The roles of immune complexes and primed T cell in relation to granuloma formation were studied. Local lymph node cells were obtained from C57BL/6 mice immunized by injection of ovalbumin (OA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant into footpads. Thereafter enriched T cells were obtained by passage through nylon wool columns. Antigens (OA, KLH) were chemically coupled to Sepharose 4B beads (OA-beads, KLH-beads). The immune complex was made by the incubation of the antigen-coupled beads and the immunized mouse serum at 37 degrees C for 2 hours. The recipient mouse irradiated by 6.5 Gy was transferred with 3 X 10(7) T cells and challenged with intratracheal instillation of 1 X 10(4) antigen-coupled beads or 1 X 10(4) immune complex-coupled beads. The recipient mice were sacrificed day 3 after cell transfer and challenge. The radius of pulmonary granuloma was measured by microscopic examination of the HE-stained section. The radius of granuloma increased in the recipient mouse which received the primed T cell and was challenged with immune complex-coupled beads compared with any other combination of cell transfer and antigen challenge. This result suggests that not only T cell but also immune complexes play an important role in granuloma formation in HP.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1990

[A case of sarcoidosis demonstrating spontaneous production of interleukin-1 alpha and beta by alveolar macrophage].

A 44-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of dyspnea on exertion and subcutaneous nodules. The chest X-ray on admission revealed bilateral hilar lymph node swelling and diffuse micronodular shadows throughout both lung fields. Ga scintigram demonstrated diffuse abnormal uptake. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme was elevated significantly (86.6 IU/I). The TBLB specimen confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased (4.4 x 10(8), the percentage of lymphocytes was elevated (64%) and the ratio of Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ was very high (16.07). We further evaluated the spontaneous IL-1 release in vitro by alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The results showed that large amounts of IL-1 alpha and beta were produced spontaneously by alveolar macrophages before therapy, followed by a decrease in production after corticosteroid treatment. Previously, the authors reported that no significant amount of IL-1 alpha and beta was detected in 5 normal volunteers and 6 other active sarcoidosis cases which improved without therapy. Therefore, significant amounts of spontaneous release of IL-1 alpha and beta in vitro from alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis might be considered as an index for the necessity of systemic corticosteroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Spontaneous production of interleukin-1 alpha and beta by alveolar cells from patients with sarcoidosis].

The spontaneous production of interleukin-1 alpha and beta by alveolar cells obtained by BAL from 7 active pulmonary sarcoidosis and 5 normal volunteers was evaluated. The activity of disease in one case was considered to be highly active because of the chest X-ray pattern (diffuse micronodular shadows), highly intense Ga up take in lungs, increased number of BAL cells and high level of S-ACE. The contents of IL-1 alpha and beta were measured by ELISA in the culture supernatants of alveolar cells after 24 hours culture without any stimulus. Large amounts of IL-1 alpha and beta production were found in highly active case. No significant amount of IL-1 alpha and beta, however, was detected in 6 other active sarcoidosis cases and 5 normal volunteers. Therefore, spontaneous release of IL-1 alpha and beta in vitro from alveolar cells in sarcoidosis might be considered as an index for the necessity of systemic corticosteroid treatment and its relationship to the spontaneous remission of sarcoidosis in Japanese patients was discussed.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1989

[Airway responsiveness measured by body plethysmograph connecting a circuit of an inhalation system of serially concentrated bronchoconstrictant].

We developed a new methodology to examine the bronchial response to the bronchoconstrictants, acetylcholine and methacholine. An inhalation device was connected to the body plethysmograph circuit so that a minute inhalation of serially concentrated bronchoconstrictant could be quickly switched to the circuit of the measurement of the airway resistance. The following were calculated: airway responsiveness in terms of sensitivity, provocative dose to increase the airway resistance up to 35% from the baseline. PC35 or PD35 and the reactivity, the slope of the declining specific airway conductance and %delta SGaw. The airway responsiveness was examined in asthmatics, COPD outgrew -childhood asthma patients and normal subjects. These three groups were categorised differently from each other in both sensitivity and reactivity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Effect of theophylline on improvement of the pulmonary function in the treatment of acute episodes of asthma: the influence of the severity of acute asthma.

The bronchodilating effect of theophylline was studied from the perspective of its influence on the severity of acute asthmatic attack and where its acting site is located on bronchi. Pulmonary function including maximal expiratory flow-volume curve breathing of room air and of a gas mixture containing 80% helium and 20% oxygen (He-O2) was measured at each incremental plasma theophylline concentration plateau (5, 10, and 15 micrograms/mL) in 12 acutely ill asthmatic patients. Before starting the administration of theophylline, clinical findings were used to classify the severity of the asthmatic attack into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Our data suggested that theophylline acts on both the central and peripheral airways and that theophylline improves the airway obstruction in a dose-dependent fashion when the severity of acute attack is mild.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Individualized aminophylline therapy in patients with obstructive airway disease: oral dosage prediction from an intravenous test dose.

Theophylline disposition after an intravenous test dose of aminophylline was determined in 83 subjects: 7 patients with and 58 without congestive heart failure (CHF), and 18 healthy controls. Based on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the individual, the oral dosage of aminophylline was scheduled to attain steady-state trough theophylline concentrations (Cpred) near the therapeutic margin. Significant differences in theophylline clearance with a relatively constant volume of distribution were observed between various groups divided by age, smoking habit and CHF; the significantly different (p less than 0.001) mean clearance values were: 0.042 +/- 0.016 l/h/kg (mean +/- SD) in patients without CHF (n = 58) as opposed to 0.016 +/- 0.001 l/h/kg in patients with CHF (n = 7), 0.038 +/- 0.013 l/h/kg in non-smokers (n = 59) versus 0.054 +/- 0.015 l/h/kg in smoking subjects (n = 17), and 0.030 +/- 0.010 l/h/kg in elderly (greater than 60 years) non-smoking patients (n = 7) versus 0.057 +/- 0.017 l/h/kg in smoking patients (n = 5) aged 40 to 59 years. No gender-related difference was detected in theophylline disposition. For all subjects together (n = 83), there was no significant correlation between age and clearance (r = -0.111, p greater than 0.1). The multivariate analysis indicated that the overall variability in theophylline clearance was affected first by the smoking habit (t = 4.960; p less than 0.001) and second by CHF (t = -3.052; p less than 0.001), but not by age (t = 1.140) or by sex (t = 0.069). 78% of the patients who did not have CHF required a daily dose of aminophylline of 600 to 900 mg, whereas a dose of 300 to 450 mg was the rule in patients with CHF. The measured steady-state minimum concentration (Cmeas) ranged from 5.4 to 14.6 micrograms/ml (9.0 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml: mean +/- SD) which was in good agreement with the Cpred (5.6 to 13.6, 9.0 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml) in all patients (n = 60) who received the oral dose of aminophylline calculated from the test dose. The overall prediction error was -0.08 +/- 1.83 micrograms/ml (-1.42 +/- 19.90%); only 3 of 60 measurements were found to be outside +/- 2 SD. It is concluded that using a test dose to individualize aminophylline therapy is likely to remain the most reliable means to assure the maximum therapeutic benefit in patients with airway obstruction.

Administration, Oral↗