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Biomedical subjects

J Kadota

Publications and source records attributed to J Kadota.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Involvement of collagen-binding heat shock protein 47 and procollagen type I synthesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: contribution of type II pneumocytes to fibrosis.

The most common pathologic form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is usual interstitial pneumonia, which is characterized by patchy fibrotic areas, marked increase in the number of fibroblasts and type II pneumocytes, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, especially collagen. Heat shock protein 47 is a collagen-binding stress protein and has a specific role in intracellular processing of procollagen molecules as a collagen-specific molecular chaperone. However, its role in the causation of fibrosis in usual interstitial pneumonia is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of heat shock protein 47 and type I procollagen in 12 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia by immunohistochemistry on sequential sections. Heat shock protein 47 was localized predominantly in alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and surfactant protein-A-positive type II pneumocytes in active fibrotic areas of usual interstitial pneumonia. Type I procollagen was also expressed in those cells. In contrast, heat shock protein 47 and type I procollagen were weakly or not at all expressed in myofibroblasts and type II pneumocytes in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and normal lung tissue samples obtained from excised lung cancer tissues. The numbers of heat shock protein 47- and type I procollagen-positive cells to type II pneumocytes or myofibroblasts were significantly higher in usual interstitial pneumonia than in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and normal lung tissue specimens. Our results suggest that myofibroblasts and type II pneumocytes play an important role in the progression of fibrosis through the induction of heat shock protein 47, which regulates the synthesis/assembly of type I procollagen in usual interstitial pneumonia. HUM PATHOL 31:1498-1505.

Actins↗
PubMed2000

Combination therapy for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection associated with biofilm formation.

There had been no reports of investigations into biofilms in chronic respiratory infection in vivo. Recently, we established a new murine model of chronic respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, we examined the bacteriological effect of combined clarithromycin and levofloxacin against chronic respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa. Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the catheter intubated in mouse bronchus for 7 days demonstrated in vivo formation of a biofilm containing blood cells, complex fibrous structures and bacteria. Treatment with either clarithromycin alone or levofloxacin alone had no statistical effect on the number of viable bacteria in lung. The combined use of both drugs resulted in a significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria. The present experiment demonstrates that the newly established murine model was useful to investigate the treatment of biofilm-associated chronic respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa, and combination therapy with clarithromycin and levofloxacin was effective in biofilm-associated chronic respiratory infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Th1-Th2 cytokine kinetics in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans of different virulences.

Th1 immune response plays an important role in protection against infection with Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. We investigated the effect of virulence of C. neoformans on cytokine production in the lung of a mouse model of pulmonary cryptococcosis. BALB/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with a high or low virulence strain of C. neoformans, followed by serial measurements of Th1 and Th2 cytokine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) increased with time, and all mice infected with the highly virulent strain were dead at 28 days after inoculation. In contrast, the number of microorganisms diminished with time in the mice infected with the low virulence strain during the 4-week study. The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the BAL fluid paralleled those of CFU. High neutrophil counts were observed in the BAL fluid of mice infected with the highly virulent strain, while lymphocyte counts were increased only in the later part of the study in mice infected with the high and low virulence strains. The concentrations of Th2 cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4 were significantly higher in mice infected with the highly virulent strain at days 14 and 21 of infection, whereas the level of Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma, was significantly higher in the latter strain at days 7 and 14. Our results suggest that strain-specific difference in the organism's ability to induce (or evade) the host immune system contributes to the outcome of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in interstitial lung disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of several eosinophil growth factors including interleukin (IL)-5, interleukin (IL)-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease with eosinophilia. IL-5, IL-3 and GM-CSF in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis and healthy volunteers. IL-5 in BALF was high only in patients with EP. IL-3 in BALF was undetectable in the majority of patients with these diseases. GM-CSF in BALF was detectable in 30-67% of each group of patients. In patients with BOOP and IPF, the number of eosinophils in BALF was higher in patients with detectable GM-CSF than in patients in whom GM-CSF was below the detection limit. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was detected in all patients with EP and some with BOOP and IPF. There was a significant correlation between ECP levels and percentage or number of eosinophils in BALF. The results suggest the possibility that interleukin 5 in eosinophilic pneumonia, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may play important roles in eosinophil recruitment in the lung. Activation of eosinophils in the lung is likely to be induced by both interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Elevated levels of soluble adhesion molecules in sera and BAL fluid of individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: T-lymphocytic alveolitis and increased levels of interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (CD25)-bearing T cells in the BAL fluid (BALF) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers have been reported. Several chemokines and adhesion molecules may contribute to the accumulation of T lymphocytes in the lungs of HTLV-1 carriers. To clarify the correlation between adhesion molecules and HTLV-1-associated pulmonary disorders, we compared the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets and soluble adhesion molecules, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), in BALF and peripheral blood, between HTLV-1 carriers and noninfected healthy subjects. DESIGN: Flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens was used to identify T-lymphocyte subsets in BALF samples from HTLV-1 carriers (n = 13) and noninfected healthy control subjects (n = 10). The levels of various soluble adhesion molecules in serum and in BALF were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Higher percentages of CD3+ cells, CD3-expressing human leukocyte antigen-DR antigen, and CD3+CD25+ cells were detected in the BALF of HTLV-1 carriers than in that of noninfected control subjects. The concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sL-selectin, SE- selectin, and sP-selectin in the sera of patients were significantly higher than those in noninfected healthy control subjects. The concentration of sICAM-1 in the BALF of patients was significantly higher than that in noninfected healthy control subjects, and the concentration of sICAM-1 correlated well with the percentage of CD3+CD25+ cells. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of adhesion molecules in the sera of and sICAM-1 in the BALF of HTLV-1 carriers were significantly higher than those in noninfected individuals, and the concentration of sICAM-1 correlated well with the percentage of CD3+CD25+ cells in BALF. Our results suggest a possible interaction between activated T cells bearing CD25 and soluble adhesion molecules, especially sICAM-1, which may contribute to the pulmonary involvement in HTLV-1 carriers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium szulgai.

We describe a rare case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis infected with rifampicin (RFP)-resistant Mycobacterium szulgai that was successfully eradicated with clarithromycin (CAM) treatment. An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 4-week history of high fever, productive cough and malaise. Chest roentgenogram showed an infiltrative shadow in the left lower lung field. Isolated bacteria from sputum were acid-fast bacilli and identified as M. szulgai by the DNA-DNA hybridization method. Drug susceptibility tests showed resistance to RFP (MIC>100 microg/ml). Combined treatment with ethionamide, streptomycin and isoniazid based on the results of drug susceptibility tests resulted in clinical and radiologic improvement within two years. Additional treatment with CAM for another year resulted in complete eradication of the mycobacterium.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Type II diabetes mellitus and primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated by pleural effusion.

A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pleural effusion and nephrotic syndrome. Sjogren's syndrome (Sjs) was diagnosed based on a positive test for antibodies to Ro and La, and the result of labial salivary gland biopsy. The pleural effusion showed a high number of lymphocytes and high titers of antibodies to Ro and La. By immunohistochemistry, it was determined that infiltrating CD3+ cells predominated over infiltrating CD20+ cells in the pleura. Nephrotic syndrome was also present, which, as confirmed by renal biopsy was due to advanced diabetic nephropathy. Here, we report a case of Type II diabetes mellitus and primary Sjs complicated by pleural effusion, discuss the available treatment for pleural effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms in a patient treated for miliary tuberculosis.

A 70-year-old woman with fever was admitted to our hospital. She was diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis and treated with antituberculous drugs. After seven weeks of therapy, she developed a sudden sharp upper abdominal pain and shock. Angiography of the celiac artery showed two hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms with extravasation. The hemorrhage was successfully stopped by microcoil embolization. The clinical course suggested that miliary tuberculosis had caused the pseudoaneurysms. Although aneurysms rarely occur as a complication of miliary tuberculosis, they should be diagnosed as early as possible because of the high rate of rupture and associated high mortality rate.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Two cases of multiple primary cancer involving the lung with old pulmonary tuberculosis].

We reported 2 relatively rare cases of multiple primary cancer including lung cancer accompanied by old pulmonary tuberculosis. Patient 1 was a 62-year-old man admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of an infiltrative shadow on chest X-ray films, and a cervical tumor noted 10 years earlier and thought to be thyroid cancer. A Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen disclosed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A right upper lobectomy and thyroidectomy were performed. Histopathologic findings showed a neoplastic lesion adjacent to caseous necrosis with formation of granuloma consistent with tuberculosis. Also, the cervical tumor was considered to be a metastatic lymph node from thyroid papillary carcinoma. Patient 2 was a 73-year-old man with a 14-year history of treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder, who had been admitted to our hospital for further evaluation because of a nodular shadow observed on chest X-ray films. TBLB specimens disclosed adenocarcinoma. A right upper lobectomy was performed. Histopathologic findings revealed a neoplastic tumorlet in the same lobe. No detectable increases in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma were observed in either patient. Phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased in Patient 1. These findings suggested that the immunocompromised status of patients with cancer in addition to old pulmonary tuberculosis may contribute to the development of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[A case of radiation lung injury with characteristics of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma].

We report a case of sputum and dyspnea with patchy migratory air space infiltrates that developed in a 49-year old woman after she started breast radiation therapy following surgery for breast carcinoma. Our case clearly differed from ordinary radiation pneumonitis. Chest roentogenography and computed tomographic (CT) scanning demonstrated alveolar opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a moderate elevation of the total cell concentration and a considerable increase of lymphocytes, and transbronchial lung biopsies revealed a histological pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia with intra-alveolar granulation tissue. The present case suggests that breast irradiation may contribute to the development of a histological pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of CYFRA 21-1 and ProGRP in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with benign lung disease].

CYFRA 21-1 and ProGRP have recently been established as new tumor markers for lung cancer. However, there are few reports evaluating concentrations in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In this study, we examined 81 patients with benign lung disease. The mean values of CYFRA 21-1 in the BAL fluid of each lung disease were as follows: bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), 3.9 +/- 2.1 ng/ml (positive rate 50%); collagen vascular disease associated interstitial pneumonia (CVD-IP), 10.7 +/- 15.7 ng/ml (positive rate 50%); diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), 4.2 +/- 6.4 ng/ml (positive rate 29%); idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 1.5 +/- 2.1 ng/ml (positive rate 17%); pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia, 6.3 +/- 7.1 ng/ml (positive rate 44%); sarcoidosis, 4.6 +/- 6.2 ng/ml (positive rate 27%); and healthy volunteer (HV), 0.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; and total, 4.4 +/- 5.6 ng/ml (positive rate 32%). The mean values of ProGRP in the BAL fluid were as follows: DPB, 5.0 +/- 7.6 pg/ml (positive rate 0%); IPF, 6.4 +/- 10.6 pg/ml (positive rate 0%); HV, 12.4 +/- 8.3 pg/ml; and total, 5.6 +/- 8.7 pg/ml (positive rate 0%). These results indicate that the two tumor markers have no disease specificity in benign lung disease.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1999

Cutting edge: an inducible sialidase regulates the hyaluronic acid binding ability of CD44-bearing human monocytes.

Previous studies established that variable degrees and types of glycosylation can account for differences in the ability of CD44 to function as a receptor for hyaluronic acid. We have now used neuraminidase treatment to conclude that sialylation negatively regulates CD44 on the human monocytic cell line THP-1 and peripheral blood monocytes. Both of these cell types displayed increased receptor activity after overnight culture with LPS. Of particular interest, the sialidase inhibitor 2-deoxy-2, 3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid completely blocked the LPS induced recognition of hyaluronic acid by THP-1 cells. Furthermore, acquisition of this characteristic paralleled induction of one type of sialidase activity. Monocytes may be capable of enzymaticly remodeling cell surface CD44, altering their ability to interact with the extracellular matrix.

Azides↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of CD44 on alveolar eosinophils with high concentrations of soluble CD44 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: High levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) are found in the alveolar space of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). IL-5 promotes the growth and differentiation of eosinophils, as well as activating these cells. IL-5 also induces the expression of CD44 on eosinophils in vitro. To evaluate the contribution of CD44 to the pathogenesis of EP, we examined the expression of CD44 on eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and measured the concentration of soluble CD44 (sCD44) in BALF from patients with EP. METHODS: The concentrations of IL-5, sCD44, and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured in BALF. The expression levels of CD44 on eosinophils in BALF and peripheral blood in patients with EP were compared. RESULTS: The expression of CD44 on alveolar eosinophils and the concentration of sCD44 were increased in BALF of patients with EP. There was a significant correlation between IL-5 and sCD44 in BALF. A high concentration of HA was observed in BALF of EP patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the high expression of CD44 on eosinophils probably results from upregulation by IL-5 and could be important in the pathogenesis of EP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Activation of lymphocytes and increased interleukin-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a recently described illness and the number of case reports has increased during the last few years. However, the role of interleukin (IL)-5 and activated lymphocytes in the pathogenesis or activity of AEP is still not clear. The clinical features, lymphocyte surface analysis and IL-5 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB) of a young female patient with AEP are described before and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 months after a 3-day course of i.v. methylprednisolone. Serum and BALF concentrations of IL-5 before treatment were 5,200 and 8,400 pg x mL(-1), respectively. Activated CD4 lymphocytes bearing CD25 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in BALF were higher than in PB. Treatment caused a rapid fall in these cells and levels of IL-5 in BALF returned to normal levels in parallel with clinical improvement. There was no evidence of recurrence after cessation of steroid therapy. In contrast, eosinophilia in BALF persisted for 4 weeks after steroid therapy in spite of normalization of the chest radiograph and arterial blood gases. The number of CD8+CD11b- (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cells subsequently increased while the number of CD8+CD11b+ cells decreased. These results suggest that activated CD4 cells and interleukin-5 elevation contribute to the development of acute eosinophilic pneumonia rather than persistent eosinophilia in the lung and that a short course of steroid therapy may effectively control acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[The booster phenomenon in two-step tuberculin testing of employees in a community hospital].

A study was made to clarify to what degree the booster phenomenon was present when the employees in a community hospital in Japan received two-step tuberculin testing (PPD). Of the seventy-five employees, most of all BCG-vaccinated subjects, twenty-three showed strongly positive of more than 30 mm of induration at the first test (PPD/T1), and the remaining fifty-two subjects received a second (PPD/T2) after 2 weeks. The second PPD showed a marked increase in reactivity, sixteen subjects newly became strongly positive and six of eight who were initially PPD negative (< 10 mm) were converted positive, and the mean reaction size changed from 14.7 +/- 5.6 mm (PPD/T1) to 31.5 +/- 15.5 mm (PPD/T2). The degree of boosting, measured by the change in millimeters induration size between PPD/T1 and PPD/T2 (PPD/T2-PPD/T1), was correlated with neither the size of PPD/T1 nor the age of the study participants, and was not associated with the difference of the position in the hospital. Thus, we could not explain the factor why such a marked boosting was observed in this study. However, these results indicated that the two-step tuberculin testing is an essential means of distinguishing new tuberculous infection from booster phenomenon. We agree with the current recommendation for routine two-step testing of new employees in the hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known as a potent neutrophil chemotactic glycoprotein in vitro but its contribution to chemotactic activity in neutrophil mediated lung diseases is not yet known. The aims of this study were to determine whether G-CSF is present in high concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, also called cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis), a neutrophil mediated lung disease, and to what extent G-CSF in BAL fluid contributes to neutrophil accumulation in the lung of patients with IPF. METHODS: G-CSF concentrations in BAL fluid samples from 16 healthy volunteers, 24 patients with IPF, and 73 patients with non-IPF lung disease were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between G-CSF concentrations and neutrophil count in BAL fluid was also examined. Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was measured in BAL fluid in healthy volunteers and patients with IPF. The contribution of G-CSF to overall NCA in lungs with IPF was assessed by repeating the measurement of NCA after a complete neutralisation of G-CSF bioactivity by anti-human G-CSF antiserum. RESULTS: Detectable levels of G-CSF were found in BAL fluid of 83% of patients with IPF while the levels in all healthy volunteers were below the detection limit. In patients with IPF a significant correlation was observed between the BAL fluid neutrophil count and the concentration of G-CSF in the BAL fluid. The neutrophil count also correlated significantly with percentage forced vital capacity. In BAL fluid samples from patients with IPF the mean NCA value was reduced by 35% after neutralisation with an anti-human G-CSF antiserum. CONCLUSIONS: G-CSF may be involved in enhancing neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of patients with IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reduced immune function and malnutrition in the elderly.

An important observation in elderly subjects is their susceptibility to infection associated with a decline in host immune function. Nutrition is also an important factor that influences host defense against infection. We, therefore, evaluated the relationship between nutritional status in 155 healthy subjects ranging in age from 20 to 99 years and various immunological parameters, including the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophils and monocytes, superoxide production and chemotaxis of neutrophils, lymphocyte subsets, blastoid transformation and serum immunoglobulins. Aging was associated with increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils but not bactericidal activity, superoxide production or chemotaxis of neutrophils. Aging was also associated with a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes as well as a decline in mature T cells and helper/inducer T cells but with increased numbers of activated T cells, suppressor T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, blastoid transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly reduced in aged subjects. A poor nutritional status was noted in individuals 60 years of age or older. The nutritional status did not influence neutrophil function but correlated significantly with the number of lymphocytes and degree of blastoid formation with PHA and Con A stimulation. Our results suggest that the cell-mediated immunity in elderly subjects is reduced as a result of malnutrition, and that improvement of the nutritional status may enhance the immune function, likely contributing to their successful aging.

Adult↗