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Biomedical subjects

J Kaminski

Publications and source records attributed to J Kaminski.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Expectancies for alcohol to affect tension and anxiety as a function of time.

Alcohol outcome expectancies have been linked to drinking behavior on both empirical and theoretical grounds. Although typically measured as a static construct, we hypothesized that expectancies may be time-specific. Subjects rated their expectancies for a moderate amount of alcohol to increase, decrease, or not change their level of tension and anxiety. Ratings were repeated for when the intoxicating effects of the drinking would be: (1) "at their peak;" (2) "nearly worn off;" and (3) "completely worn off" (Time Epochs 1-3, respectively). As predicted, most subjects (72%) expected alcohol to reduce tension and anxiety at Time Epoch 1; however, significantly fewer subjects expected this effect at Time Epochs 2 and 3 (25% and 2%, respectively). Conversely, few subjects expected alcohol to worsen tension and anxiety at Time Epoch 1 (3.5%); however, significantly more subjects expected this effect at Time Epochs 2 and 3 (31% and 34%, respectively). Expectancies for Time Epoch 1 related most strongly to several measures of alcohol use, including drinking for the purpose of reducing tension (whole sample) and drinking frequency (men but not women). These findings show that tension-reduction expectancies are not stable over the course of a drinking episode and suggest the possibility of a treatment approach aimed at amplifying attention to expectancies for alcohol's more negative longer-term effects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Properties of a new, long-lasting vaginal delivery system (LASRS) for contraceptive and antimicrobial agents.

In view of the need for improved vaginal formulations that are contraceptive, that may prevent transmission of sexually transmitted infections, or both, a new delivery system (base formulation; called Long Acting, Sustained Release of Spermicide, or LASRS) was developed that contains bioadhesive and other ingredients with a long history of safety, and was designed to provide long-lasting vaginal retention of the formulation and to minimize possible vaginal irritation caused by incorporated active ingredients. Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was added as an active ingredient to study the vaginal irritating properties of the formulation and to assess its long-term effectiveness by postcoital spermicidal tests. In the first series of experiments, in vitro studies showed that the formulation spreads rapidly over a cellulose membrane, forming a bioadhesive layer that remained for at least 12 hours. The second series of experiments addressed the safety of the LASRS suppository in rabbits and primates. Even with a very high concentration of N-9 (20.5%), LASRS caused only mild/moderate but acceptable irritation in the rabbit. No vaginal irritation occurred in the primate at an even higher concentration (22.5%). During the third series of experiments, the long-lasting vaginal retention properties were evaluated by postcoital spermicidal tests in the primate. LASRS with N-9 was highly spermicidal even when mating was delayed for 12 hours after placement of the formulation. Spermicidal activity was also observed when 1) mating was delayed for 24 hours after insertion of the formulation, and 2) if the females were mated 2 or even 3 times without reinsertion of the suppository before collection of the vaginal contents. In the final series of tests, the postcoital spermicidal properties of menfegol, another cytotoxic spermicide, were evaluated as were several modifications in the base formulation. Menfegol produced essentially the same results as N-9. Altering the base formulation proved to be nonbeneficial because a decrease in the long-term spermicidal effectiveness was obtained. These results suggest that the LASRS suppository has good vehicle properties for the delivery of active ingredients to the vagina.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adult croup--a case report.

A case of a female adult patient with croup is described. Inflammation, as well as pseudomembranes, restricting the patency of trachea, developed within several hours after the first symptoms of infection were observed. Tracheostomy was performed Bronchofiberoscopies were repeated on a regular basis several times a day over a period of two weeks, with the removal of fibrinous casts and dense secretion being the only way to save the patient's life.

Croup↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of formaldehyde in fresh and retail milk by liquid column chromatography.

A quantitative method is described for the determination of formaldehyde (CH2O) in milk by liquid chromatography. Aldehyde derivatization-extraction was carried out in situ with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2-phase reaction medium. Average recovery of added CH2O (0.1 microgram/mL) was 89.9 +/- 3.9% with an estimated detection limit of 0.009 mg/kg. The technique was used for the determination of CH2O in commercial 2% milk and in fresh milk of cows fed on a typical North American dairy diet. The average concentrations of CH2O in fresh and commercial milk were 0.027 and 0.164 mg/kg, respectively. Several methods for CH2O determination in milk are compared.

Animals↗