[Pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint: etiology and treatment].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J Katz
Publications and source records attributed to J Katz.
Phantom limbs still a ghostly phenomenon.
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Humans↗
Quantitation of positional isomers of deuterium-labeled glucose by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
A method for determining the site and extent of deuterium (D) labeling of glucose by GC/MS and mass fragmentography was developed. Under chemical and electron impact ionization, ion clusters m/z 328, 242, 217, 212, and 187 of glucose aldonitrile pentaacetate and m/z 331 and 169 of pentaacetate derivative were produced. From the mass spectra of 13C- and D-labeled reference compounds, glucose carbon and hydrogen (C-H) positions included in these fragments were deduced to be m/z 328 = C1-C6, 2,3,4,5,6,6-H6; m/z 331 = C1-C6, 1,2,3,4,5,6,6-H7; m/z 169 = C1-C6, 1,3,4,5,6,6-H6; m/z 187 = C3-C6, 3,4,5,6,6-H5; m/z 212 = C1-C5, 2,3,4,5-H4; m/z 217 = C4-C6, 4,5,6,6-H4; and m/z 242 = C1-C4, 2,3,4-H3. After correction for isotope discrimination and deuterium-hydrogen exchange, the D enrichment of these fragments can be quantitated using selective ion monitoring, and the D enrichment of all C-H positions can be obtained by the difference in enrichment of the corresponding ion pairs. The validity of this approach was tested by examining D enrichment of known mixtures of 1-d1-, 2-d1-, 3-d1-, and 5,6,6-d3-glucose with unlabeled glucose and D enrichment of perdeuterated glucose using these fragments. This method was used to determine deuterium incorporation in C1 through C6 of blood glucose in fasted (24 h) rats infused with deuterated water. The distribution of deuterium was similar to that found by Postle and Bloxham (1980, Biochem. J. 192, 65-73). Approximately one deuterium atom was incorporated into C5 and only 75% deuterium atom was incorporated into C2. The enrichment of C2 and C6 of glucose relative to that of water indicated that 74 +/- 9% of plasma glucose was newly formed 4 h after the onset of deuterium infusion, and gluconeogenesis accounted for about 76 +/- 7% of the glucose 6-phosphate flux.
Animals↗
Esterase-1: developmental expression in the mouse and distribution of related proteins in other species.
Esterase 1 (Es-1) is a sexually dimorphic 65-kDa glycoprotein present in plasma and other murine tissues able to hydrolyze a variety of esters including fatty acid esters of estradiol. Like most other carboxylesterases, its function is unknown. To gain insight into the function of Es-1 and by analogy other carboxylesterases, we have examined the developmental regulation of Es-1 in the mouse and have looked for the presence of related proteins in the plasma of other species. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from the livers of mice of various ages using a 32P-labeled 470-bp Es-1 cDNA probe showed clear postpartum induction with no detectable Es-1 mRNA in fetal liver. Similarly, immunoblotting after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an affinity-purified rabbit antibody to Es-1 showed no cross-reacting proteins in the plasma until after birth. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from a variety of adult mouse tissues showed the presence of substantial levels of Es-1 mRNA only in liver with lower levels in kidney, testes, and ovaries. Liver mRNA and plasma protein levels rose in parallel attaining full adult levels between 15 and 20 days of age. When plasma proteins were electrophoresed on 7% polyacrylamide gels under nondenaturing conditions, the antibody to Es-1 recognized a low mobility protein in mouse, rat, human, baboon, guinea pig, bovine, horse, and canine but not in chicken plasma. Consistent with the immunoblotting results, the Es-1 cDNA probe hybridized to restriction fragments from human, monkey, rat, and rabbit as well as mouse genomic DNA but not from chicken DNA indicating conservation of the esterase (or esterase-like) gene in mammalian species. The low mobility antigens in mouse and human plasma appeared also to cross-react with antibodies to human thyroglobulin, although antibodies to human thyroglobulin did not appear to recognize Es-1 under these conditions.
Aging↗
Thrombospondin levels in patients with malignancy.
Thrombospondin (TSP), a large glycoprotein present in platelets, and various normal and tumor tissues, has recently been shown to promote cell adhesion and platelet aggregation. Most importantly because TSP has been shown to promote metastasis of melanoma tumor cells to the lung in a murine model (1) and since thromboembolic events commonly occur in patients afflicted with metastatic tumors, we explored the role of TSP in human cancer by measuring TSP blood levels in patients with various malignant neoplasms. Blood TSP levels were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) from 20 control subjects, 22 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, 18 patients with breast cancer, and 17 patients with lung cancer. Control subjects consisted both of healthy subjects and acutely ill patients with no malignancies. TSP levels of both healthy and acutely ill controls were found to range between 245-440 ng/ml with a mean of 365 ng/ml. In contrast, elevated levels of TSP greater than the mean value of 400 ng/ml for controls ranging between 590-3,650 ng/ml were found in 20/22 (91%) patients with GI malignancies, 13/18 (72%) patients with breast cancer, and 15/17 (88%) with lung cancer. Mean TSP levels of GI, breast, and lung cancer patients were 3, 2, and 3 fold greater than controls, respectively. Increased blood TSP levels in patients were not due to increased levels of platelets since both control and patient groups had platelet counts within the normal range. These results suggest that TSP may play a role in tumor cell metastasis in man and could serve as a blood marker for metastasis.
Adult↗
Left ventricular dimensions and mass using magnetic resonance imaging in female endurance athletes.
Few published studies of left ventricular (LV) mass in female endurance athletes have been performed with M-mode echocardiography, which involves assumptions of LV geometry. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging, a 3-dimensional technique, was used to examine LV mass, LV end-diastolic volume and mean wall thickness in female long distance runners (n = 13; mean age 29 years), cyclists (n = 12; mean age 26 years) and cross-country skiers (n = 11; mean age 24 years), and the findings were compared with sedentary control subjects (n = 10; mean age 27 years) matched for height and body weight. The physical characteristics for all subjects included height (mean 166 cm, and body weight (mean 56 kg). The percent body fat (mean 11.7) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, mean 63 ml.kg-1.min-1) were similar (p greater than 0.05) among all athletic groups, but significantly different from the control group (body fat, mean 22.5%; VO2max, mean 35 ml.kg-1.min-1). LV mass (mean 159 kg), LV end-diastolic volume (mean 122 ml), and mean wall thickness (mean 11.5 mm) were also similar among the athletic groups and significantly larger than the following control values: LV mass (mean 115 g), LV end-diastolic volume (mean 93 ml) and mean wall thickness (mean 9.8 mm). Ratios of LV mass to lean body weight were similar among all athletic groups, although athletic groups had larger ratios (p less than 0.05) than the sedentary control subjects. LV mass/LV end-diastolic volume ratio was similar (p greater than 0.05) among all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of Variance↗
The increased risk of ulcerative keratitis among disposable soft contact lens users.
Previous controlled studies on contact lens-associated ulcerative keratitis were performed before the widespread use of disposable contact lenses. Therefore, a controlled study was undertaken to determine the relative risk of ulcerative keratitis among users of disposable soft contact lenses compared with the risk among users of other lens types. Forty-six consecutive cases of contact lens-associated ulcerative keratitis were identified between January 1990 and June 1992 at a corneal specialty practice in western Michigan. Five controls, matched to each case patient according to the dispensing data and prescribing practitioner, were obtained for 42 cases (91%). Users of daily-wear rigid gas-permeable lenses had the lowest risk of developing ulcerative keratitis. Relative to users of daily-wear soft contact lenses, users of extended-wear soft contact lens had an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risk of 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 5.71). Disposable soft contact lens users had the highest risk of developing ulcerative keratitis, with an adjusted relative risk of 14.16 (95% confidence interval, 5.47 to 37.63) compared with daily-wear soft contact lens users and 7.66 (95% confidence interval, 2.27 to 25.83) compared with conventional extended-wear soft contact lens users.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p by in situ hybridization: varying levels of mosaicism in different fetal tissues.
Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p is complicated by the discrimination of the 12p isochromosome from the duplication 21q as well as the level of mosaicism demonstrated in the particular tissue sampled. In this disease, a high percentage of chromosomally abnormal cells are generally found in fibroblastic cells, but lymphocyte karyotypes from the same individual may be normal. We report on the pregnancy of a 37-year-old female who presented to our centre at 16 weeks' gestation for genetic amniocentesis. Sonography of the fetus revealed dextrocardia and diaphragmatic hernia. Chromosome analysis of amniocytes demonstrated mosaicism of a 47,XY,+i(12p) line in 80 per cent of cells and a normal male line (20 per cent), consistent with the Pallister-Killian syndrome. Following termination, a 220 g male fetus of 18 weeks was examined. A flattened nose and low-set ears were noted. In situ hybridization with a chromosome 12 centromeric probe in lymphocytes and skin cells unequivocally confirmed the karyotype and showed the presence of a single centromere in the abnormal chromosome, suggesting a true isochromosome. Chromosome analysis of various fetal tissues was performed and the following percentages of abnormal cells were found: skin 100 per cent, chorion 50 per cent, placenta 30 per cent, and blood 80 per cent. The high frequency of tetrasomic cells in fetal blood at this early gestational age is noteworthy, since most reports of this syndrome show a very low percentage of abnormal cells postnatally.
Adult↗
Liposomes and conjugate vaccines for antigen delivery and induction of mucosal immune responses.
In this brief review, emphasis was placed on the effectiveness of liposomes as carriers/vehicles of soluble antigens and as adjuvants for use in oral vaccine development. Evidence was provided that oral administration of antigen in liposomes resulted in a mucosal response which was higher than that obtained when the oral vaccine consisted of antigen alone. Specific mucosal responses were enhanced by incorporating lipophilic MDP into the antigen/liposome vaccines. Antigens shown to be effective in inducing a protective mucosal response when given in an oral liposome vaccine were anti-idiotypic antibodies, purified S. mutans GTF, CHO and Ag I/II. Evidence is also provided that CTB may be an effective oral adjuvant when coupled to proteins or peptides by either chemical or genetic methods. Further studies, however, will be required to characterize the effectiveness and safety of CTB in conjugate vaccines for inducing specific mucosal responses and to develop practical means to prepare oral liposome vaccines for use in humans.
Animals↗
Use of esterase inhibitors and zone electrophoresis to define bacterial esterases in amniotic fluid.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to define further the role of bacterial esterases in amniotic fluid obtained from women with chorioamnionitis. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid samples from 39 patients with chorioamnionitis were submitted for bacterial cultures and in vitro assay. Esterase inhibitors diisopropyl fluorophosphate and iodoacetic acid were added and the degree of inhibition calculated. These results were compared with the amniotic fluid culture results. Chi square analysis was performed to compare the results of the esterase assay and the inhibition assay between the uninfected and infected amniotic fluid samples. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients had positive bacterial cultures, with 21 being infected with gram-negative organisms. All samples showed significant inhibition (range 55% to 82%) with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. There was partial inhibition with iodoacetic acid (range 10% to 30%) in the gram-negative samples but no inhibition in the gram-positive and uninfected samples. Six infected and two uninfected samples were analyzed by using zone electrophoresis with human plasma as a control. Minimal esterase motility was noted in the amniotic fluid samples as compared with that in plasma. CONCLUSION: The esterases in amniotic fluid appeared to be of bacterial, not human, origin. Furthermore, different groups of bacteria appeared to produce different esterases in infected amniotic fluid.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Esterase activity in human breast cyst fluid: associations with steroid sulfates and cations.
Human breast cyst fluid (BCF) contains an esterase that on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and response to inhibitors differs from those found in the plasma. From a total of 384 BCF samples analyzed for esterase using p-nitrophenyl hexanoate as substrate, 149 (39%) showed significant activity. The samples had been analyzed for the concentrations of the sulfates of estrone, estriol, dehydroepiandrosterone, as well as the potassium and sodium cations (K+/Na+). The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Spearman rank order test. The esterase-positive samples exhibited a significant positive association with each of the steroid sulfates and the K+/Na+ ratios. Except for protein concentration, there was no significant correlation between the esterase-positive and esterase-negative cysts. These observations may have physiological significance in that high K+/Na+ ratio cysts have been related to the histological status of the cyst.
Biomarkers↗
Direct quantitation of right and left ventricular volumes with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.
To test the utility of electrocardiographically gated spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in quantitating right and left ventricular volumes and function in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, right and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volumes and ejection fractions were determined in 11 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and in 10 subjects with normal echocardiographic findings. Ventricular chamber volumes were computed by summing the ventricular chamber volumes of each NMR slice at end-diastole and end-systole. This technique was verified by comparison of results obtained by this method and with the water displacement volumes of eight water-filled latex balloons and ventricular casts of eight excised bovine hearts. In the patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular volume indexes were 121 +/- 45 ml/m2 at end-diastole and 70.1 +/- 41.6 ml/m2 at end-systole; both values were significantly greater than values in the normal subjects (67.9 +/- 13.4 and 27.9 +/- 7.5 ml/m2, respectively). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index was significantly less in the patients (44.9 +/- 9.7 ml/m2) than in the normal subjects (68.9 +/- 13.1 ml/m2). There was no significant difference in left ventricular end-systolic volume between the two groups (24.4 +/- 8.6 and 27.1 +/- 7.8 ml/m2, respectively). Right and left ventricular ejection fractions in the patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (0.43 +/- 0.21 and 0.46 +/- 0.15, respectively) were significantly less than values in normal subjects (0.59 +/- 0.09 and 0.6 +/- 0.11, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Seeking consensus on important aspects of nursing care.
The authors suggest that the lack of consensus among nurses about important indicators and other measures of quality stems from the lack of consensus on important aspects of nursing care. This article reports on a national conference for nursing quality assurance in which 176 nurses representing 11 specialties developed lists of universal and specialty practice important aspects of care. It discusses questions raised at the conference about definitions of terms, as well as plans for additional follow-up work.
Consensus Statements as Topic↗
An evaluation of optic disc and nerve fiber layer examinations in monitoring progression of early glaucoma damage.
From annual examinations of 813 ocular hypertensive eyes, the authors compared optic disc and nerve fiber layer photographs in 2 age-matched subgroups: 37 eyes that converted to abnormal visual field tests at the end of a 5-year period and 37 control eyes that retained normal field tests. Disc change was detected in only 7 of 37 (19%) converters to field loss and in 1 of 37 (3%) controls. Progressive nerve fiber layer atrophy was observed in 18 of 37 (49%) converters and in 3 of 37 (8%) controls. Serial nerve fiber layer examination was more sensitive than color disc evaluation in the detection of progressive glaucoma damage at this early stage of glaucoma. The evaluation of cup-to-disc ratio or of the nerve fiber layer appearance in the initial photograph taken 5 years before field loss were equally predictive of future field damage. The position of nerve fiber layer defects was highly correlated with the location of subsequent visual field loss.
Aged↗
Impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of infection in elderly nursing-home residents: a randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to determine if vitamin A supplementation reduces the incidence of bacterial infections among elderly nursing-home residents. One hundred and nine patients were enrolled into a double-masked, placebo-controlled trial at an academically affiliated nursing home. Fifty-six patients received a single capsule containing 1,000 IU of vitamin A (placebo) and 53 received a single capsule containing 200,000 IU of vitamin A. Antibiotic-treated infections were enumerated for 90 days after dosing and infection rates were expressed per 1000 days of follow-up. There were 42 antibiotic-treated infections altogether, 21 in each group. The infection rates in the vitamin A and placebo groups were 4.7 and 4.3 per 1,000 days of follow-up, respectively (relative risk 1.1; 95% CI 0.6, 2.0). The findings of this study do not support a role for vitamin A supplements for the prevention of infections among frail elderly nursing-home patients.
Aged↗
Xerophthalmia and growth in preschool Indonesian children.
Approximately 4000 preschool children in West Java, Indonesia, were examined for xerophthalmia and weighed and measured at 3-mo intervals from March 1977 to December 1978. Children recovering from xerophthalmia over a 3-mo interval gained an average of 124 g (95% CI 42-206) more over 3 mo than normal children. Their height gain was similar to normal children's. Children who developed xerophthalmia during a 3-mo period gained 199 g (95% CI 114-313) less and grew 0.28 cm (95% CI 0.12, 0.44) less than their normal peers. Children with chronic xerophthalmia gained 120 g (95% CI 49-191) less and grew 0.21 cm (95% CI 0.05-0.37) less than normal children. These data suggest that linear and ponderal growth is adversely affected by chronic and incident xerophthalmia, but that catch-up ponderal growth is experienced by children recovering from xerophthalmia.
Body Height↗