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Biomedical subjects

J Kavi

Publications and source records attributed to J Kavi.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Factor VIII von Willebrand protein in haemolytic uraemic syndrome and systemic vasculitides.

von Willebrand protein (vWF) is reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and, as a result, is not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma samples from normal subjects, children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), and adults with vasculitis and vWF prepared from endothelium were treated with DTT before vWF assay. vWF in HUS and vasculitis resembled the endothelial form in being resistant to reduction. DTT modification of the ELISA assay may be useful as a marker of disease severity in conditions associated with endothelial cell damage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Tissue penetration and pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin following multiple doses.

The pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin were studied after three days of oral administration of 400 mg/day lomefloxacin. Following the final dose the concentrations in serum, urine and cantharidin-induced inflammatory fluid were measured by a microbiological assay. The mean peak serum level was 4.9 mg/l at a mean time of 0.8 h. The mean serum elimination half-life was 6.2 h. The mean maximum inflammatory fluid level attained was 3.2 mg/l at 2.7 h. Urinary recovery accounted for the greater part of lomefloxacin's elimination.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1989

Intraperitoneal penetration of cefpirome.

Twenty-six patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery received a 1 g intravenous dose of cefpirome before operation. Serum and peritoneal fluid samples, obtained 0.5-7.6 h following administration, were assayed for cefpirome by a microbiological assay. The serum half-life of cefpirome was 2.1 h. The mean concentration of cefpirome in peritoneal fluid 0-2 h after administration was 44.4 micrograms/ml. The half-life of cefpirome in peritoneal fluid was 2 h, with mean concentrations of less than 10 micrograms/ml measured 6 h after administration. The mean percentage of intraperitoneal penetration of cefpirome over the study period was 97.7%. The therapeutic implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin.

The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration (as measured by a blister fluid model) of cefpirome were studied in six male volunteers following a 1 g intravenous dose. A mean peak serum concentration (at 5 min) of 97.4 mg/l was followed by rapid distribution into an apparent volume of 21.3 1. The serum elimination half-life was 2.3 h. Cefpirome penetrated rapidly into inflammatory fluid with a mean peak concentration of 39.2 mg/l at 1.9 h. The mean inflammatory fluid elimination half-life was 2.5 h. The availability of the drug in inflammatory fluid was high with a mean per cent penetration of 123%. The plasma and renal clearances were 109.5 and 82.1 ml/min respectively. Twenty-four hour urinary recovery was 75.5% of the administered dose. This study suggests that a twice daily dosage may be sufficient to treat tissue infections with susceptible pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of spiramycin and erythromycin.

The pharmacokinetics of two orally administered macrolides, spiramycin and erythromycin, were compared in six healthy male volunteers in a single dose cross-over study. Penetration of these antimicrobial agents into inflammatory fluid was studied. Spiramycin was administered in a 2 g dose and erythromycin in a 500 mg dose. Spiramycin (Tmax = 3.3 h) and erythromycin (Tmax = 1.2 h) were well absorbed reaching mean plasma Cmax of 3.1 mg/l and 2.1 mg/l, respectively. The relative bioavailability of erythromycin compared to spiramycin appeared to be three- to four-fold greater. The mean plasma elimination half-life was 3.8 h for spiramycin and 1.6 h for erythromycin. The percentage penetration of the antibiotics into inflammatory fluid was good, being 66% for spiramycin and 54% for erythromycin. Both antimicrobial agents attained inflammatory fluid Cmax of 0.7 mg/l by 4-4.8 h. Spiramycin persisted in the inflammatory fluid with a mean elimination half-life of 7.7 h compared to 2.2 h for erythromycin. Twenty-four hour urinary recovery of the administered dose of each antimicrobial agent was less than 5%.

Adult↗