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Biomedical subjects

J Kaye

Publications and source records attributed to J Kaye.

144 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Triglyceride storage disease: a disorder of lipolysis in adipose tissue in two patients.

An obese patient was studied whose adipose tissue showed a significant reduction in release of glycerol (P < 0.05) when stimulated by isoprenaline despite normal rises in tissue levels of cyclic-AMP. However, lipolysis was stimulated by a fast of 14 days as judged by weight loss and a rise in plasma fatty acids from 0.4 to 1.2 mM. The defect in this patient may be familial since her obese daughter also showed diminished release of glycerol from adipose tissue on three occasions when stimulated by isoprenaline, despite normal rises in levels of cyclic-AMP.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variant angina in an adolescent.

We describe a case of variant angina associated with acute myocardial ischemia in an adolescent presenting with severe chest pain and transient ST elevation. Subsequent cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary anatomy, and the patient has been asymptomatic since discharge on calcium channel blockers. Variant angina is a rare cause of chest pain in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moderating and mediating effects in causal models.

This article explains causal relationships in conceptual models of mental health phenomena. Direct, moderating, mediating, and reciprocal effects among variables are defined, appropriate statistical analyses are described, and the correct interpretations of moderating versus mediating effects are discussed. Examples are provided that will help the reader to distinguish between moderating and mediating effects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 is associated with neuronal loss in the substantia nigra in Alzheimer's disease.

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (ApoE epsilon4) is associated with an earlier age at onset of Alzheimer's (AD) and possibly Parkinson's disease, suggesting a general role for ApoE epsilon4 in neuronal plasticity. Among 31 prospectively assessed subjects with pathologically confirmed AD (without Lewy bodies), epsilon4+ subjects had a longer duration of disease (by 2.8 years, p = 0.04). Only cell loss in the substantia nigra (p = 0.002) was associated with epsilon4. Neither neurofibrillary tangles nor plaque counts were associated with epsilon4. Cell counts of pigmented neurons in single midbrain sections in epsilon4+ specimens were 72% of those in epsilon4- substantia nigra (p = 0.04). These findings confirm that cell loss in the substantia nigra is associated with epsilon4 in AD. Copyrightz1999S.KargerAG,Basel

Age of Onset↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of patient education about the effect of zidovudine on HIV perinatal transmission: knowledge gain, attitudes, and behavioral intent among women with and at risk of HIV.

The termination of the perinatal HIV transmission trial, ACTG 076, by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board in February 1994 because of the efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) in substantially reducing maternal-infant HIV transmission has created a considerable need for efficacious patient education approaches and materials for women with and at risk of HIV infection. Complexities surrounding patients' decisions to use ZDV in accordance with the treatment arm protocol of this study must be communicated to women, especially the consequences for both themselves and their potential children. In March 1994, a public-private partnership was formed to develop and test the impact of patient education information on 076 and to explore cultural differences in decision-making surrounding ZDV use during pregnancy. Objectives were (1) to develop an efficacious patient informational booklet on the results of ACTG 076 and (2) to determine the differential attitudes and behavioral intentions of women toward taking AZT during pregnancy. A multi-disciplinary group of providers and researchers developed the patient education booklet and field-tested it in five New York City area sites. Subjects were a multiethnic group of women of childbearing age who were predominantly HIV-positive or at risk of HIV infection (n = 120). This 076 education resulted in a substantial increase in intention to use ZDV to reduce perinatal transmission despite full disclosure of the unknowns (P < .001). There were differences in knowledge acquired between racial/ethnic groups, which must be viewed cautiously since the study did not assess socioeconomic status adequately. Attitudes toward ZDV (P < .05), trust in health care providers (P < .03), and opinions on whether testing should be voluntary (P < .02) also varied by race/ethnicity. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): perinatal transmission, AIDS education, pregnancy, HIV, ACTG 076.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency, timing, and diagnoses of antenatal hospitalizations in women with high-risk pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency, time of gestation, and reasons for antenatal hospitalizations in women with medically high-risk pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis reports all antenatal hospitalizations from a clinical trial testing transitional care to women with high-risk pregnancies. Data were collected from 1992 to 1996. Pregnant women with pregestational (n = 16) or gestational diabetes (n = 21), hypertension (n = 29), and diagnosed (n = 47) or at high risk for preterm labor (n = 37) were included. Diagnoses for each hospitalization and lengths of stay were collected from chart review and validated by attending physicians. Gestation was determined via ultrasonography. The sample (N = 150) consisted of predominantly African-American women, never married, between the ages of 15 and 40 with Medicaid insurance. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent (n = 125) of the women had one or more antenatal hospitalization with a mean length of stay of 123 hours. All women with diabetes were hospitalized at least once. Women with pregestational diabetes had the greatest number of hospitalizations whereas those with gestational diabetes had the least. Major reasons for hospitalizations were preterm labor, glucose control, premature cervical dilation, and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Some hospitalizations could potentially be avoided or reduced through expanded patient education, improved screening, and more aggressive monitoring for early signs and symptoms of impending complications.

Adult↗