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Biomedical subjects

J Kearney

Publications and source records attributed to J Kearney.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

The quantitative measurement of tubular chlormerodrin binding as an index of renal function: a study of 400 cases.

We have studied and found valuable a numerical value best designated as the "renal chlormerodrin uptake". This represents not a transient state, like the renogram, but a measurement of the biological ability of the renal tubules to firmly bind (203)Hg chlormerodrin presented to them as a very small standard dose passing through the kidney. Normal kidneys bind a remarkably fixed portion, and there is a consistent parallel between retention and tubular function.This binding, expressed for each kidney as a percentage of the normal, provides an easily measured value which allows isotopic renal measurements made from day to day and from year to year, on various individuals, to be accurately compared.These uptake values may be used to measure individual organ function or, by their addition, to evaluate the total renal function possessed by that patient. The utility of such uptake values goes beyond the conventional assessment of renal flow in hypertension, and is applicable to most forms of renal dysfunction, including trauma.Determination of the renal uptake at three to four hours fits well into a standard set of procedures which also includes the renogram, the renal scan, the local quantitation of scan areas, and the intravenous pyelogram. It requires only a few additional minutes, and no additional instrumentation or radiopharmaceuticals.

Chlormerodrin↗
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Puzzling elevation of blood lead levels among consumers of freshwater sportfish.

The authors evaluated lead exposure of Canadians (Montreal) who fished the nearby St. Lawrence River. From screening interviews conducted with 1,118 fishers on-site during the winter and fall of 1996, the authors selected 60 Montrealers who consumed at least one sportfish meal per week and 72 who consumed less than one sportfish meal per week. Fishers at the higher level of sportfish consumption had elevated blood lead concentrations, compared with fishers who ate little sportfish (geometric mean = 57.4 microg/l vs. 48.2 microg/l, respectively; p < .05). This result was surprising inasmuch as fish is not considered a significant source of lead. In addition to sportfish consumption, age, sex, occupation, smoking, and waterfowl consumption also showed independent associations with blood lead levels. Among frequent (i.e., > or = 1 meal/wk) consumers of sportfish, ingestion of waterfowl was associated with higher blood lead levels (geometric mean = 69.4 microg/l vs. 51.8 microg/l, respectively; p < .05); this association was not present for infrequent consumers. In multivariate analysis, the association of higher blood lead levels with sportfish consumption could be accounted for in large part by waterfowl consumption among frequent consumers of sportfish.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The perception of body image as a qualitative approach to nutritional status].

OBJECTIVE: To compare body image perception with body mass index (BMI) calculated from the weight and size declared by subjects, and to evaluate its usefulness in classifying the nutritional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A representative sample of the Spanish population was selected consisting of 517 males and 483 females older than 15 years of age. Variables were sex, age, educational level, BMI and perceived body image. Differences between groups were estimated with the chi 2 test. Specificity and sensitivity of the agreement between body mass and image were assessed. RESULTS: The nutritional status for both indicators revealed higher overweight prevalence in males and obesity in females, which increase with age and decrease with greater educational level. Perceived body image differed between sexes, and among ages and educational levels (p < 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity as well as positive and negative predictive values were higher than 0.90 in subjects belonging to extreme cases. Precision was higher for sensitivity than for specificity. In all groups, categorization was better in females than in males and so was Spearman's correlation (p < 0.001). The Kendall W coefficient ranked high for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Body image allowed the identification of individuals with normal, excessive or lean nutrition. This indicator can therefore be useful in epidemiological surveys, considering some limitations for individualized diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sources of information on healthy eating in a Mediterranean country and the level of trust in them: a national sample in a pan-European survey.

OBJECTIVE: To know the sources of information and the level of trust in these sources in a population to facilitate the promotion of healthy dietary habits. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A national survey was carried out according to an established protocol on a representative sample of 1009 Spanish subjects over 15 years of age selected by a random multietapic procedure. This study belongs to the Spanish partnership in a pan-European Survey about sources of information on healthy eating and their level of trust. The analysis was focussed on the evaluation of the 5 most frequently chosen sources. RESULTS: There was a trend towards a greater use and trust in "Health professionals" than other sources. Thus, about 26% of the respondents mentioning "health professionals" as the source of information on healthy eating. However, "TV/radio" (25.7%) was almost so often selected as "Health professionals". About 17.4% of subjects declared that they obtained no information at all on healthy eating. Subjects with university level of studies exhibited a greater mention of "Health professionals", while individuals belonging to higher socio-economic levels preferred "TV/radio". The degree of trust was higher for messages obtained from "Health professionals" (89.9%) and the "Department of Health" (78.7%) and lower for information obtained from "newspaper" (34.2%) and "advertising" (17.6%). CONCLUSION: Nutrition and health educators must promote dietary guidelines through the appropriate channels for communicating messages to different targets groups.

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