PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Keating

Publications and source records attributed to J Keating.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Investigation of the association between the presence of cytoplasmic residues on the human sperm midpiece and defective sperm function.

Defective sperm function has been identified as one of the most common causes of human infertility. The aim of this investigation was to identify whether the presence of retained cytoplasm on the human sperm midpiece is associated with defective sperm function. Statistical analysis of data demonstrated a strong negative correlation between the presence of residual cytoplasm on the midpiece of spermatozoa in the inseminate and fertilization rate during IVF. Significant negative correlations were also identified between the percentage of spermatozoa in the ejaculate bearing cytoplasmic residues and (i) spermatozoa having membrane integrity and (ii) sperm concentration. A highly significant positive correlation was also revealed between the percentage of spermatozoa in the ejaculate with membrane integrity and the percentage of motile spermatozoa. These correlations suggest that retained cytoplasm is a cause of subfertility. Measurements of the percentage of spermatozoa bearing residual cytoplasm in the IVF inseminate could provide the basis for a simple predictive test before IVF.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal absorptive capacity, intestinal permeability and jejunal histology in HIV and their relation to diarrhoea.

Intestinal function is poorly defined in patients with HIV infection. Absorptive capacity and intestinal permeability were assessed using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and lactulose in 88 HIV infected patients and the findings were correlated with the degree of immunosuppression (CD4 counts), diarrhoea, wasting, intestinal pathogen status, and histomorphometric analysis of jejunal biopsy samples. Malabsorption of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and D-xylose was prevalent in all groups of patients with AIDS but not in asymptomatic, well patients with HIV. Malabsorption correlated significantly (r = 0.34-0.56, p < 0.005) with the degree of immune suppression and with body mass index. Increased intestinal permeability was found in all subgroups of patients. The changes in absorption-permeability were of comparable severity to those found in patients with untreated coeliac disease. Jejunal histology, however, showed only mild changes in the villus height/crypt depth ratio as compared with subtotal villus atrophy in coeliac disease. Malabsorption and increased intestinal permeability are common in AIDS patients. Malabsorption, which has nutritional implications, relates more to immune suppression than jejunal morphological changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A survey of the phenomenology and pharmacotherapy of compulsive and impulsive-aggressive symptoms in Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a congenital disorder characterized by hyperphagia as well as by other behavioral disturbances such as self-mutilation and temper outbursts. Some of these symptoms have been reported to respond to psychotropic medications. A systematic survey was conducted to gather information on the phenomenology and pharmacotherapy of compulsive and impulsive-aggressive symptoms in PWS. Both compulsive and impulsive-aggressive symptoms are frequent in this population. Pharmacotherapeutic intervention may have a role in the management of these symptoms. Rigorous diagnostic and treatment studies should be undertaken in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Abdominal tuberculosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of plasma serotonin by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as an index of the in vivo activity of fluvoxamine.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the measurement of plasma serotonin concentrations. Sample preparation is by a simple solid-phase extraction using C18 columns. An isocratic separation is used with electrochemical detection. The application of the method to the measurement of plasma serotonin concentrations following the administration of fluvoxamine (a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor), maprotiline (a noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor) and placebo to normal subjects for a seven-day period is reported. Fluvoxamine significantly decreases plasma serotonin over this time period in a linear fashion. No effect on plasma serotonin was seen for maprotiline or placebo. Plasma serotonin concentrations can be used to monitor compliance with fluvoxamine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The association of age with gastric emptying.

Gastric emptying is important as a rate-limiting step in the absorption of orally administered drugs. Paracetamol absorption kinetics were used to compare gastric emptying in 19 fit elderly and 19 fit young volunteers. The results showed no significant difference in any of the derived parameters (t1/2abs, tlag and tmax) between the two groups. These results suggest that ageing does not impair this rate-limiting step in drug absorption.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1993

Asynchronous ovarian torsion--the case for prophylactic oophoropexy.

The case of an 11 year old girl who suffered torsion of the left ovary 8 months following right oophorectomy for a similar event is presented. The left ovary was saved by immediate surgical intervention. The value of prophylactic oophoropexy in unilateral ovarian torsion is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Should the 'normal' appendix be removed at operation for appendicitis?

A prospective study was conducted over a 6-month period to assess the ability of the surgeon to determine the presence or absence of acute inflammation of the appendix at operation for acute appendicitis. Over the study period 175 appendices were removed of which 131 (75%) were acutely inflamed histologically. The surgeon's assessment as to the presence of acute inflammation was correct in 120 out of 132 cases, a positive predictive value of 91%. When the surgeon assessed the appendix as being non-inflamed he was wrong in 11 of 43 cases, a false reassurance rate of 26%. The increasing use of laparoscopy in the assessment and treatment of patients with the clinical features of appendicitis should not alter the practice of removing the appendix when it appears macroscopically normal. To do so may result in a number of patients requiring a second operation to remove the appendix in the early postoperative period.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1993

The effect of training on physical therapists' ability to apply specified forces of palpation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether postgraduate physical therapy students studying manipulation could learn to accurately produce specific forces during palpation of an intervertebral joint. SUBJECTS: The 12 subjects (7 female, 5 male), aged 26 to 36 years (X = 29.5, SD = 2.9), had each completed a 4-year degree course in physical therapy and had worked between 3 and 10 years in clinical practice. All subjects were enrolled in a 12-month postgraduate manipulative therapy diploma course. METHODS: Subjects in the experimental group (n = 6) trained to apply specific forces of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kiloponds using bathroom scales. They practiced for 10 minutes per day for 30 days. Their ability to produce these forces on command was measured using a force platform as they applied posteroanterior passive accessory intervertebral joint movements to the lumbar spine of the healthy subjects. This testing was done prior to training (pretest), immediately after training (posttest), and 1 month following cessation of training (retention test). The control group subjects (n = 6) had no training with scales but were also students of the postgraduate manipulative physical therapy course. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, the experimentally trained group showed reduced error in force production both immediately after training and 1 month later. This improvement was significant for the retention test. For the retention test, the experimental group subjects were also tested on the trained task (ie, their ability to apply specific forces to the scales). They developed higher levels of accuracy than did the control group. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Experimental training, therefore, was an effective addition to normal training, suggesting that therapists can learn to quantify applied forces, with significant implications for communication and evaluation of joint behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Central serotonin receptors and delayed gastric emptying in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether central serotonin receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia. DESIGN: Between subjects study of solid phase gastric emptying and prolactin response to buspirone challenge. SUBJECTS: 12 patients fulfilling criteria for non-ulcer dyspepsia and 12 age and sex matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Solid phase gastric emptying measured by scintigraphic assessment of the movement of a standard meal labelled with technetium-99m and indium-111; responsiveness of central serotonin 1A receptors measured by the prolactin release following challenge with oral buspirone 60 mg. RESULTS: Solid phase gastric emptying was significantly delayed in the patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (t 1/2 = 90.6 (SD 14.5) minutes in patients and 54.6 (10.7) minutes in controls; 95% confidence interval 24.7 to 46.7 minutes, p < 0.001). Prolactin release was significantly greater in patients compared with controls (1272.7 (1039.9) mU/l v 292.9 (136.1) mU/l; 352.1 to 1607.5 mU/l, p < 0.01). Gastric emptying and prolactin release were significantly correlated (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) in the patients but not in the controls (r = 0.23). CONCLUSION: Central serotonin 1A receptors may have a role in the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia of the dysmotility subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antiinflammatory drugs and emergency surgery for peptic ulcers in the Waikato.

OBJECTIVE: to examine the use of antiinflammatory drugs in patients undergoing emergency surgery for bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers in the Waikato. METHODS: a retrospective case control study of all patients who had emergency surgery for bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers at the Waikato Hospital from March 1987 to March 1991. RESULTS: seventy-seven patients underwent emergency surgery for complicated peptic ulcers over the study period. Forty-six (60%) of these patients were taking antiinflammatory agents at the time of admission to hospital. In an age and sex matched group of patients undergoing nonulcer emergency surgery over the same period 18 of 77 patients (23%) were using antiinflammatory drugs (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in the postoperative morbidity or mortality between the antiinflammatory drug takers and the nondrug takers following emergency ulcer surgery. CONCLUSIONS: the findings confirm the high level of use of antiinflammatory drugs by patients who require emergency surgery for life threatening complications of peptic ulcers. Patients taking aspirin, nonaspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NNSAIDs) and oral steroids form a major part of the workload in the emergency surgical treatment of bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute small bowel obstruction.

The surgical correction of acute small bowel obstruction is conventionally performed through a vertical laparotomy incision. The increasing use of the laparoscope for elective general surgery has led to an increase in its use for the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal conditions. The authors report five cases of acute small bowel obstruction treated with the aid of the laparoscope. All five patients were able to leave the hospital in the early postoperative period and remain symptom free. Laparoscopy is a useful technique in the management of selected cases of small bowel obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Prospective audit of an extramucosal technique for intestinal anastomosis.

A computerized prospective audit was conducted of 500 intestinal anastomoses constructed in 470 operations on 461 consecutive patients between 1 January 1986 and 16 November 1990. All anastomoses were constructed by an open extramucosal method, emphasizing the avoidance of sutures through mucosa and avoiding the use of intestinal clamps. There were 214 men and 247 women, with a median age of 66 years. Clinical anastomotic leakage was detected from 11 (2.2 per cent) of 500 anastomoses. There were 18 (3.8 per cent) deaths resulting from the 470 operations, but only two (0.4 per cent) were associated with anastomotic leakage, which was not the direct cause of death in either. Peritonitis occurred as a consequence of leakage in two (8 per cent) of 26 resections for Crohn's disease, but the patients survived after reoperation. The single-layer extramucosal technique is probably the safest method available for intestinal suture.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Dissolution of cholesterol gall stones using methyltertbutyl ether: a safe effective treatment.

Methyltertbutyl ether (MTBE) administered by percutaneous transhepatic catheter rapidly dissolves radiolucent cholesterol gall bladder stones. However, complete dissolution and clearance of non-cholesterol debris is essential to prevent recurrence. In this study we analysed 25 consecutive patients with reference to efficacy and recurrence based on the presence or absence of non-cholesterol stone fragments after dissolution. Placement of the catheter was successful in 24 patients, one patient requiring cholecystectomy for bile peritonitis. MTBE was infused and aspirated continuously, four to six cycles per minute, resulting in rapid stone dissolution (median six hours; range 4-23 hours for solitary stones and median seven hours, range 4-30 hours for multiple stones). In 18 patients who had complete dissolution, four (22%) had recurrent stones within six to 18 months. Five patients had residual debris which failed to clear completely despite bile acid treatment. One patient with an incomplete rim of calcium in a large stone did not respond to MTBE treatment. A further patient required cholecystectomy for symptomatic recurrence. There were no serious side effects observed. MTBE treatment is a rapid, safe, and effective treatment for patients who refuse surgery or who for medical reasons cannot undergo cholecystectomy. The results of this study confirm that complete dissolution of all fragments is essential and may prevent recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Surgery offers the best palliation for carcinoma of the pancreas.

This debate discusses the palliative management of pancreatic cancer. The arguments in favour of surgical palliation are that this approach allows all symptoms to be treated or prevented, the diagnosis can be confirmed histologically and a final assessment of resectability can be made. The arguments against the use of surgery are that survival is short and that effective alternative therapies are available: endoscopic intubation, percutaneous coeliac plexus block and pancreatic enzyme supplements. The most appropriate policy, however, is to tailor the management plan to suit the individual patient.

Aged↗