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Biomedical subjects

J Kempf

Publications and source records attributed to J Kempf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Production and characterization of an iminoimidazolidine specific monoclonal antibody using para-aminoclonidine as antigen.

Para-aminoclonidine coupled to hemocyanin was used to produce mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against clonidine. The properties of one of these, called mFE7, secreted by a clone of hybrid myeloma, are described. This antibody displayed total crossreactivity with imidazolidines and no crossreactivity at all with catecholamines or other known naturally occurring substances tested. A liquid phase radioimmunoassay permitted the detection of immunoreactivity in human brain extracts. The mFE7 antibody could be useful for immunopurifying the endogenous ligand of Imidazolines Preferring Receptors (IPR) which are catecholamines insensitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of cholinergic neurons in the chick spinal cord during embryonic development. Comparison of ChAT immunocytochemistry with AChE histochemistry.

The location of cholinergic neurons was studied during the development of the chick embryo spinal cord. A comparison between choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry was performed. ChAT-positive neurons could be detected only from embryonic day 9 (E9) onwards by the FITC technique and from E12 onwards by the PAP technique. These neurons were located mainly in the medial and lateral motor columns in the ventral horn of the gray matter and some of them were observed in the intermediate region of the spinal cord. AChE-containing cell bodies were much more numerous than the ChAT immunoreactive ones and were distributed in the ventral horn of the gray matter, the intermediate gray region and mostly off the apical part of the dorsal horn. ChAT should provide a reliable and specific marker for cholinergic neurons.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Human choline acetyltransferase (CHAT): partial gene sequence and potential control regions.

Choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) (EC 2.3.1.6) is the biosynthetic enzyme for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, a human CHAT genomic clone has been isolated and partially sequenced at its 5' end. This fragment contains the first four exons with an ACG initiator codon and potential control regions including TATA, CAAT, GC boxes, and several transcription control sequences. A comparison of the primary structure of CHAT among pig, rat, mouse, and Drosophila is presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of diazepam and incidence of hypoxemia during acute chloroquine poisoning].

The effects of diazepam and the incidence of hypoxaemia on the course of acute chloroquine poisoning were studied prospectively in 21 patients. Were excluded patients who had ingested more than one drug or who had major symptoms on admission (systolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg; QRS greater than 0.12 s; cardiac dysrhythmias, respiratory disturbances). Arterial blood gases were measured on admission (T0) and 15 min after 0.5 mg.kg-1 of diazepam had been given (T1). Gastric lavage was carried out as soon as the results of the blood gases had been obtained, and after treatment of hypoxaemia (PaO2 less than 90 mmHg). An infusion of diazepam (1 mg.kg-1.day-1) was then given. Arterial blood gases were measured after 1 (T2), 6 (T3), 12 (T4) and 24 h (T5). Hypoxaemia was present on admission in four patients who had a PaO2 = 75 +/- 10 mmHg (Pa(sys) = 130 +/- 19 mmHg; blood chloroquine concentration = 8.2 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1; kaliemia = 3.1 +/- 0.3 mmol.l-1; PaCO2 = 35 +/- 1 mmHg). In two patients, hypoxaemia decreased after the initial dose of diazepam (T1); however, oxygen was still required by the other two at that time. Oxygen was no longer needed by any patient at T2, as all the blood gas values had returned to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Diffuse thallium-201-chloride uptake in hypermetabolic bone marrow following treatment with granulocyte stimulating factor.

Diffuse abnormal uptake of 201Tl-chloride in the bone marrow is described in an AIDS patient with Kaposi's sarcoma who received chemotherapy. The patient developed severe leukopenia that was treated by granulocyte stimulating factor (GCSF). The white blood cells increased from 1500 to 6200 over a period of 4 days. After chemotherapy, the tumor was negative for thallium uptake.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Arthroscopy of the shoulder].

Arthroscopy of the shoulder is currently gaining importance because of the diagnostic aid it can provide to understand the pathology of this complex joint, and also because of the technical possibilities it offers for treatment. From a diagnostic point of view, it has allowed, for example, a better understanding of the anatomical lesions observed in instability, or a better analysis of partial rotator cuff lesions. The therapeutic possibilities are the reason for the current enthusiasm for this endoscopic technique: removal of a foreign body, articular washing, synovectomy, ligament reinsertion of abrasion are now accessible with some training. The two indications of shoulder arthroscopy that are most resorted to are the endoscopic treatment of some cases of shoulder instability with reinsertion of disinserted elements at the anterior capsular-ligamentous level, and anterosuperior decompression of the rotator cuff when there is a conflict between this tendinous area and the acromiocoracoid osteoligamentous dome.

Acromion↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral malaria in non-immune subjects. Current aspects in African endemic areas].

The current clinical and therapeutic aspects of cerebral malaria in non-immune adult subjects living in endemic areas of Africa were evaluated in 10 men (mean age: 40 +/- 11.4 years). On admission, 8 patients had fever, 3 were truly comatose with a Glasgow score of 7 or more. All had negative central venous pressure and only one was in a state of hyperkinetic shock. Respiratory symptoms were present in 8 cases, and jaundice was observed in 8 cases. Three patients has a haemoglobin level lower than 8 g/100 ml, and 8 had thrombocytopenia. Blood creatinine levels above 240 mumol/l and blood bilirubin levels above 50 mumol/l were found in 6 and 8 patients respectively. Plasma creatine phosphokinase was above 500 IU/l in 7 cases, and PaO2 was below 70 mmHg in 7 cases. All patients received quinine, combined with doxycycline in 6 cases. Infectious complications occurred in 5 patients, with 2 septic shocks. Two patients developed acute pulmonary oedema. Five patients died. This study shows that cerebral malaria in non-immune subjects living in endemic areas produces multivisceral deficiency similar to that observed in imported malaria. Its prognosis can be improved by loading doses of quinine and by a better prevention of nosocomial infections.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Are chronic alcohol-induced central vasopressin changes determinant in strain dependency of tolerance in mice?

As vasopressin (VP) has been related to tolerance, we were interested in following central VP levels after chronic alcohol exposure of two selected mouse lines (C57Bl and Balb/c). Strongly elevated VP and VP mRNA levels have been noted, in particular in the hypothalamus. The phenomenon is much more marked in Balb/c mice than in C57Bl; in extrahypothalamic areas in the changes in VP noted in septum and amygdala are only apparent in Balb/c mice. Hypothalamic norepinephrine and serotonin, known to partly control VP release, also reacts in a strain dependent manner to alcohol. This study provides neurochemical evidence that long term ethanol intoxication selectively activates central vasopressinergic and aminergic neurons in mice. Such activation appears to be strain dependent; therefore it may be related to the unequal capacities of these strains to adapt to chronic alcohol intoxication. Such phenomena may partly account for differences between individuals in tolerance to chronic alcohol in men.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A comparison of midazolam and diazepam in premedication using the intramuscular route].

A double blind study has been carried out on 60 women undergoing gynaecological surgery: they were divided into 2 groups who were given as premedication either midazolam: 10 mg, or diazepam: 15 mg intramuscularly. No significant differences between both groups concerning heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were found. After 30 min sedation of anxiety was noted in 30 subjects (100%) after midazolam and in 20 subjects (67%) after diazepam (P less than 0.001). After 45 min good sedation was found in 19 patients (63%) after midazolam and in 4 patients (13%) afer diazepam (P less than 0.001). Amnesia related to preoperative period was more frequent in the midazolam group than in the diazepam group: 67% VS 13% (P less than 0.001). Amnesia of the immediate postoperative period was 100% in both groups. Midazolam as compared with diazepam can be regarded as a superior intramuscular premedicant. This superiority can been explained by a rapid and good resorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol withdrawal-induced changes in brain biogenic amines in mice: influence of the genotype.

Alterations in striatal and hippocampal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) activities were investigated in two inbred strains of mice (C57B1 and Balb/c) after 3 withdrawal periods following 5 months chronic ethanol administration. Two groups of animals with different levels of ethanol administration (15% and 30%, v/v) were examined. A striking strain dependency has been noted. Striatal dopaminergic mechanisms of the Balb/c strain are profoundly disturbed in both groups. In contrast no changes were noted for either transmitter activities in C57B1 mice at any withdrawal time studied. Strain dependency has also been noted for hippocampal serotonin neurotransmission, since only Balb/c mice showed a progressive decrease in 5HT levels. These impairments observed in striatum and hippocampus could be involved in motor incoordinations and convulsions often associated with the withdrawal syndrome. The differences in withdrawal effects we noted between the two strains may be linked to the specific chemical neuroanatomy of the strains. Such specificities could be implied in the well known variability of withdrawal induced behavior in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Hyperkinetic shock and cerebral malaria].

Two cases of cerebral malaria with hyperkinetic shock are reported. The first case concerned a 39-year-old european male who was not taking any prophylactic anti-malarial drugs. After having had headache and fever for a week, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in coma and with jaundice. His initial systolic blood pressure was 60 mmg, with a central venous pressure (CVP) of -3 cmH2O. Five-hundred ml of modified fluid gelatin increased the CVP without raising the blood pressure. Haemodynamic investigations revealed a cardiac index (CI) = 5.2 l.min-1.m-2, peripheral arterial resistances (Rsa) = 290 dyn.s.cm-5, oxygen consumption (VO2) = 120 ml.min-1.m-2. Despite treatment with dopamine and dobutamine, the patient died 3 h after his admission, with a CI of 1.9 l.min-1.m-2. The second patient was a 14-year-old senegalese girl, admitted in circumstances similar to the first case. Initial haemodynamic investigations gave the following figures: CI 6.5 l.min-1.m-2, Rsa = 476 dyn.s.cm-5, VO2 = 174 ml.min-1.m-2. Recovery was obtained with fluid replacement therapy and dopamine. In the absence of another associated infectious disease, the plasmodial origin of the septic shock would seem to be the most likely in both cases. Pathophysiological mechanisms of these algid forms of malaria remain enigmatic. Various factors are discussed: cytoadherence of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum, immunological disturbances, or a specific endotoxin.

Adolescent↗