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Biomedical subjects

J Kingdom

Publications and source records attributed to J Kingdom.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Detection of trophoblast cells in transcervical samples collected by lavage or cytobrush.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two methods of obtaining fetal cells from the endocervical canal for prenatal diagnosis during the first trimester: lavage with physiologic saline, and the endocervical passage of a cytobrush. METHODS: Fetal cells were identified morphologically using conventional and immunohistochemical staining. Y-specific sequences were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The presence of fetal DNA was also demonstrated by PCR amplification of a polymorphic short tandem repeat marker. RESULTS: Syncytiotrophoblast cells were identified in four of 11 lavage samples and in one of 11 brush samples. Sex determination using fluorescent in situ hybridization was achieved in all 11 lavage samples and in nine of 11 cytobrush samples; no Y sequences were located in two brush samples from male embryos. Sex determination was achieved successfully in all 22 samples using PCR of X- and Y-specific DNA sequences. Small tandem repeat pattern analysis indicated the presence of fetal DNA in five of 11 lavage samples and in one of eight cytobrush samples, which were informative because the maternal and fetal small tandem repeat patterns differed. CONCLUSION: Although lavage retrieves more trophoblast cells than does brushing, both methods are potentially suitable for molecular prenatal diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Midtrimester chorionic villus sampling: an alternative approach?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to audit midtrimester chorionic villus sampling after a positive maternal serum screening test for autosomal trisomy. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1990 until July 1993 chorionic villus sampling was offered to all screened positive women. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one mothers had chorionic villus sampling. The mean age was 31.7 years. The mean gestational age was 18.2 weeks. The mean time for direct karyotyping was 4.4 days and for culture results 20.2 days. Results were obtained in 99.6% of samples: direct plus culture results in 94%, direct results alone in 2.3%, and culture results alone in 3.3%. Fourteen pregnancies had abnormal karyotypes. There were five cases of placental mosaicism and one false-positive result. The loss rate was 0.4%. CONCLUSION: Midtrimester chorionic villus sampling, which is easier to perform than cordocentesis, provides a rapid and reliable karyotype. The complication rate is comparable to that of other invasive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous cessation of umbilical blood flow in the acardiac fetus of a twin pregnancy.

The acardiac fetus is a rare entity found only in monozygotic multiple pregnancy. Although the acardiac fetus is non-viable, the perinatal mortality rate for the normal fetus may be as high as 50 per cent, and is usually associated with fetal heart failure and hydrops fetalis, or as the result of prematurity. In this communication, we describe a case of spontaneous cessation of blood flow to an acardiac fetus and discuss the management of this condition with special reference to optimizing the outcome for the normal fetus.

Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid↗
PubMed1990

Interaction of angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide in the human fetoplacental unit.

We have identified two classes of membrane receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide (KD (dissociation constant) 0.2, 70.1 nmol/L) and angiotensin II (KD 1.7 nmol/L, 15.2 nmol/L) in human fetoplacental vasculature. In addition, in the isolated perfused placenta atrial natriuretic peptide inhibited the vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II. These findings suggest that atrial natriuretic factor may regulate fetoplacental blood flow.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1985

Vancomycin toxicity: a prospective study.

A prospective study of 34 patients treated with 39 courses of intravenous vancomycin, was undertaken in order to assess toxicity. Six patients received vancomycin alone and 27 courses were associated with aminoglycoside administration either concurrently or within two weeks of the first dose of vancomycin. Hearing loss was slight and uncommon; patients were unaware of its occurrence. Tinnitus and dizziness was noted by two patients and resolved on withdrawal of vancomycin. Diminution of renal function was seen both during (7%) and after (9%) vancomycin therapy. A striking feature of these patients with renal deterioration was the severity of their underlying disease. No evidence of synergistic toxicity between vancomycin and aminoglycosides was seen.

Adolescent↗