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Biomedical subjects

J Kogan

Publications and source records attributed to J Kogan.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Skeletal demineralization and fractures caused by fetal magnesium toxicity.

Two surviving female infants, born from a triplet pregnancy at 30 weeks gestation, were noted to have severe osteopenia and multiple fractures diagnosed at 20 days of age. Their mother had been treated for preterm labor with intravenous magnesium sulfate from week 22 until their birth at 30 weeks gestation. At birth, the triplets exhibited craniotabes with enlarged fontanelles and sutures. All developed Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and the two surviving infants required prolonged respiratory support. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were normal and alkaline phosphatase levels were increased. The infants were treated with supplements of calcium and phosphorous, with resultant healing of the multiple fractures without deformity. Fetal magnesium toxicity impairs bone mineralization and can lead to serious bone demineralization that may cause fractures in the newborn period that complicate recovery from respiratory disease. Early recognition and treatment may minimize complications related to osteopenia caused by fetal magnesium toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Acute upper-airway obstruction in a patient with achalasia.

The most common presenting symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia, recurrent regurgitation, and gradual weight loss. Surprisingly, many achalasia patients tolerate considerable esophageal distention without complaint. In very few cases is respiratory distress the only presenting symptom of achalasia. We describe such a case.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Effects of reinforcement choice on task responding in individuals with developmental disabilities.

The effects of reinforcement choice on task performance were examined with 6 individuals who had been diagnosed with severe to profound mental retardation. Five highly preferred items were identified for each participant via stimulus preference assessments. Participants then were exposed to choice and no-choice conditions that were alternated within reversal and multielement designs. During choice sessions, participants were permitted to select between two preferred stimuli contingent on responding. During no-choice sessions, the therapist delivered a single item contingent on responding. Preference for the stimuli was held constant across conditions by yoking the items delivered during no-choice sessions to those selected during the immediately preceding choice sessions. All participants exhibited similar rates of responding across choice and no-choice conditions. These findings indicate that for individuals with severe disabilities, access to choice may not improve task performance when highly preferred items are already incorporated into instructional programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Early prediction of initiation of abstinence from cocaine. Use of a craving questionnaire.

The authors administered a five-item craving questionnaire daily to 86 outpatients to determine whether initial craving scores predicted the likelihood of initiation of abstinence within a 30-day period. Patients with higher mean craving scores during the first 3 days of the study were less likely to initiate abstinence. However the relationship between craving and abstinence initiation was not linear. Rather, patients in the top quartile of craving scores were significantly less likely to abstain than were patients in the lower three quartiles. The findings suggest that this rapid, easily administered craving questionnaire may have short-term predictive validity.

Cocaine↗
PubMed1996

Self-help activities in cocaine dependent patients entering treatment: results from NIDA collaborative cocaine treatment study.

Although little is known about self-help attendance among cocaine dependent patients, clinicians frequently recommend this treatment. Cocaine dependent patients (519) entering a psychotherapy study were therefore surveyed regarding their recent self-help group attendance and participation. During the previous week, 34% had attended a self-help group. Of self-help attenders who actively participated 55% initiated abstinence within the next month, compared with 40% of non-attenders and 38% of non-participating attenders (P < 0.01). These findings support the potential short-term positive prognostic significance of self-help attendance and participation in cocaine dependent patients.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1996

Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension in pregnancy: hemodynamics and diurnal arterial pressure profile.

We characterised the 24-h arterial pressure (AP) profile and the left ventricular (LV) structures and functions in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thirty pregnant women after 20 weeks' gestation--(10 normotensive; 10 with PIH; and 10 with GDM)--were investigated haemodynamically using 24-h AP monitoring and Doppler echocardiography for determination of LV structures and functions, both systolic and diastolic. The PIH women had significantly higher AP determinations throughout the 24 h, with no change in the diurnal variation, ie, nocturnal decline and early morning peaks. The LV mass was greater in PIH and GDM than in the normotensive women, despite normal AP in GDM. The increased LV mass in GDM was mainly due to LV dilatation and not to increased thickness of its walls. In PIH, the increase in AP was due to peripheral vasoconstriction, while cardiac output was preserved. The LV systolic functions did not differ among the three groups. However, a slight reduction in the myocardial contractility was found in PIH and GDM. The LV relaxation was significantly impaired in both PIH and GDM. Thus, GDM and PIH, although differing in their 24-h AP profile, are characterised by LV hypertrophy and reduction in diastolic function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Circadian variability in the occurrence of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined whether sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurred with a particular pattern of frequency throughout the day. BACKGROUND: Previous investigators have shown a circadian distribution in the occurrence of sudden death and other cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Sudden death is also an important feature of the natural history of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: The study group comprised 94 patients with a time of death (or cardiac arrest) that could be ascertained accurately to the nearest hour. This hourly distribution was analyzed by harmonic regression. RESULTS: Sudden death did not occur uniformly or randomly throughout the day. Rather, it was distributed in a bimodal pattern that conformed to a two-harmonic regression model. A disproportionate number of sudden deaths (43 [46%] of 94) occurred in the first peak in midmorning between 7 AM and 1 PM. The second peak of sudden death was less distinct but was in the early evening, between 8 PM and 10 PM. This periodicity in occurrence of sudden cardiac death was not evident for the days of the week or months of the year and, furthermore, did not appear to be influenced by other clinical variables, such as age, gender, severity of symptoms, subaortic gradient or left ventricular wall thickness. Sudden death occurred most commonly during periods of severe exertion (37 [39%] of 94). CONCLUSIONS: Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrates a bimodal pattern of circadian variability over the 24-h day, with a prominent midmorning peak similar to that described in patients with coronary artery disease, and a less striking early-evening peak of occurrence. These findings suggest that temporally related physiologic changes, possibly in the electrical vulnerability of the myocardial substrate, may play a role in the sudden death of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

HLA antigens in Hirschsprung's disease.

In 55 children with Hirschsprung's disease, 64 of their normal siblings and 120 other members of their families, HLA-A, B and C types were examined. The statistical significance of the raised incidence of A1, B14, B37 and Bw35 in the patients disappeared after correction for multiple testing. The levels of homozygosity were very similar in patients and normal controls. The results indicate no direct association of the disease with HLA type.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Carcinoid tumor of the thymus.

Primary carcinoid tumor of the thymus is a rare, slow-growing neoplasm occurring most commonly in middle-aged men. The usual clinical manifestations are those of a mediastinal mass, although in asymptomatic patients, the diagnosis may be suggested by a routine chest roentgenogram. Excision is the most common treatment. Because the disease may recur up to ten years after surgery, follow-up is important. The case reported here is of a 49-year-old man who was hospitalized for evaluation of a mediastinal mass first detected six years previously. When laboratory and other tests proved nondiagnostic, thoracotomy was done and pathologic examination of the excised mass revealed carcinoid tumor of the thymus.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral enterobius vermicularis salpingo-oophoritis.

Inflammatory pelvic disease secondary to infection with Enterobius vermicularis is rare in that pinworms are usually asymptomatic inhabitants of the terminal small bowel and cecum. When these parasites do cause symptoms, however, there is a spectrum of gastrointestinal and genitourinary complaints. A case is presented of a woman with bilateral abdominal pain that was found to be due to a combination of parasitic and bacterial (Bacteroides fragilis) infection. The parasitic fallopian tube infection may have predisposed the fallopian tubes to a microbial tuboovarian abscess.

Bacteroides Infections↗