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Biomedical subjects

J Koznar

Publications and source records attributed to J Koznar.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Premature ejaculation: a psychophysiological review.

This review examines the most common male sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation (PE). The prevalence, classification, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, and psychological studies that offer evidence useful for understanding and clinically evaluating PE are reviewed. It is proposed that there are two basic kinds of PE: biogenic and psychogenic. Studies reporting pharmacological aspects of ejaculation offer some suggestions regarding the mechanisms of ejaculation as well as possible pharmacologic aid for some premature ejaculators. The traditional assumption among sex therapists that PE is almost universally caused by psychological features, and easily treated with sex therapy behavioral techniques, is drawn into question. Based on the limited available results from systematic investigations, behavioral treatments for PE remain beneficial to only a minority of men three years after treatment ends, suggesting that this male dysfunction is difficult to treat effectively. The mediocre results reported in treatment outcome studies may be due, in part, to reports on heterogeneous groups of premature ejaculators, for whom treatment has been generalized rather than targeted to the specific type of PE. We propose a biological and psychological etiology. With more discriminating assessment and more specific diagnosis of PE, and with treatment designed to address the particular type of PE, long-term outcome should improve for this common sexual dysfunction.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1996

Attitudes of U.S. and Czech/Slovak mental health and health professionals toward five types of sexually explicit materials.

Mental health and health professionals' attitudes toward sexually explicit materials in the U.S. and Czech/Slovak Republics were investigated. An instrument measuring attitudes toward educational, soft-core, hard-core, violence, and bizarre/paraphiliac sexually explicit materials was administered to sexologists, psychologist/counselors, and medical professionals. These professionals were attending conferences in the U.S. and the Czech/Slovak Republics between November 1992 and September 1993. Mental health and health professionals had the most favorable attitudes toward educational sexually explicit materials followed by soft-core and hard-core materials, respectively. They had unfavorable attitudes toward violent and bizarre/paraphiliac sexually explicit materials, with particularly negative attitudes toward violent materials. Analysis of covariance showed that strength of religious conviction was a significant covariate; thus professionals with stronger religious conviction had more negative attitudes toward all five types of sexually explicit materials. When controlling for strength of religious conviction: (i) sexologists had more positive attitudes toward most types of sexually explicit materials; (ii) Czech professionals generally had more positive attitudes toward such materials than their U.S. counterparts; and (iii) there were few differences between female and male professionals in their reported attitudes. While previous literature has reported gender differences in attitudes toward sexually explicit materials, findings from this study suggest that this effect may be due to differences in religiosity among women and men, namely, that women tend to be more religious.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic uses of sexually explicit materials in the United States and the Czech and Slovak Republics: a qualitative study.

This study investigates the reflections of 279 U.S. and Czech and Slovak mental health and health professionals about their use of sexually explicit materials. Professionals were 2.6 times as likely to cite specific instances when their use of sexually explicit materials was useful with their clients and students than they were to cite instances when such materials were not useful. In addition, no significant differences were observed between the ways in which U.S. and Czech and Slovak mental health and health professionals evaluated these materials. The article presents several suggestions for the judicious and efficacious use of sexually explicit materials in therapy or in the classroom in either Western or Central European settings.

Adult↗