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Biomedical subjects

J Krammer

Publications and source records attributed to J Krammer.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Postoperative feeding: a clinical review.

UNLABELLED: The tradition of withholding postoperative enteral feeds until the spontaneous resolution of ileus, demonstrated by the return of flatus or bowel movement is not supported by the literature. There is an abundance of evidence from the basic science and general surgery literature that supports early feeding after surgery. This is a review of the available literature on postoperative feeding, including data from gastrointestinal physiology. We conclude that early feeding is safe and well tolerated after most obstetric and gynecologic procedures and will lead to decreased cost, shorter hospitalization, and improved patient satisfaction. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the current literature regarding early postoperative feeding; to identify which patients can be offered early postoperative feeding, as well as list the risks and benefits of early postoperative feeding; and to explain the normal gastrointestinal physiology after abdominal surgery.

Eating↗
PubMed1997

The value of the cervical score in predicting successful outcome of labor induction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cervical dilation and the Bishop score as correlates of successful labor induction and vaginal delivery and to determine whether the prognosis of post-ripening cervical characteristics varies with the method of ripening used. METHODS: Four hundred forty-three women with Bishop scores less than 9 who required induction of labor were assigned randomly to cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 gel or hygroscopic dilation. The Bishop score and its component characteristics were evaluated as univariate correlates of successful induction of labor and vaginal delivery and then were assessed using logistic regression to adjust for other maternal and fetal factors. The differences in the association between method of ripening and successful labor induction were evaluated relative to pre-ripening and post-ripening cervical examination characteristics. RESULTS: Cervical dilation was a better correlate of successful labor induction and vaginal delivery than was the Bishop score, even after exclusion of patients with initial Bishop scores greater than 6 and dilation greater than 3.0. Both ripening methods yielded similar success in labor induction and vaginal delivery, but when categorized by post-ripening cervical examinations, patients undergoing hygroscopic ripening had lower rates of successful labor induction and vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: Cervical dilation is a better predictor of successful labor induction and vaginal delivery than either the Bishop score or any other Bishop score component characteristic. The likelihood of successful labor induction and vaginal delivery based on post-ripening cervical characteristics varies by the ripening method used.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1995

Pre-induction cervical ripening: a randomized comparison of two methods.

OBJECTIVES: To compare two methods of pre-induction cervical ripening in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: A single intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel application was compared with a single insertion of hygroscopic dilators in 441 women at term with unfavorable cervical scores. Induction success was defined as entry into active labor within 6 hours of oxytocin infusion. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in pre- or post-ripening cervical scores. In the group receiving hygroscopic dilators, only 28% entered the active phase of labor within 6 hours of oxytocin infusion compared with 45% (P < .001) in the PGE2 group. Thus, in this study, a change in cervical score did not directly predict induction success. There was a higher rate of postpartum endometritis (24 versus 14%; P = .007) and suspected neonatal infection (10 versus 5%; P = .03) in the dilator group. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-induction ripening by hygroscopic dilators and intracervical PGE2 was equivalent as measured by changes in the cervical score. The change in cervical score, however, was not predictive of successful induction, and PGE2 was more frequently associated with induction success. Hygroscopic dilators were associated with a higher incidence of postpartum maternal and neonatal infection because of a longer duration of labor. Hospital charges for intracervical PGE2 gel totaled $522 compared with $91 for the insertion of three dilators.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1994

Patient-administered outpatient intravaginal prostaglandin E2 suppositories in post-date pregnancies: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To shorten post-date pregnancies in a safe, effective manner by outpatient acceleration of cervical ripening. METHODS: Eighty patients with uncomplicated pregnancies at or beyond 41 weeks' gestation and a cervical Bishop score less than 9 were randomized to daily self-administered, 2-mg intravaginal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or placebo suppositories. Each followed a standard post-date antepartum surveillance protocol. Patients were admitted for spontaneous labor or for induction if the Bishop score reached 9, antepartum testing was nonreassuring, exclusion criteria were fulfilled, or if the gestational age reached 44 weeks. RESULTS: Fewer suppositories were used in the PGE2 group (four versus seven; P = .006), resulting in earlier gestational age on admission (295 versus 297 days; P = .021) and lower antepartum testing charges ($476.97 versus $647.29; P = .001). Labor and delivery time was significantly decreased in nulliparas (10.7 +/- 5.1 versus 15.3 +/- 7.6 hours; P = .035). CONCLUSIONS: Daily low-dose, patient-administered PGE2 vaginal suppositories can decrease the gestational length and cost of uncomplicated post-date pregnancies by reducing the time to achieve a favorable cervix, the need for antepartum testing, and, potentially, post-date-related complications.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1993

The effect of acetaminophen on prostacyclin production in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if acetaminophen decreased prostacyclin production by endothelial cells in culture and by pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: The effect of acetaminophen on endothelial cells in culture was determined by the addition of acetaminophen in concentrations of 10 and 100 micrograms/ml with comparison to control and indomethacin at 10 micrograms/ml. Prostacyclin production was estimated in 24 and thromboxane A2 production in six third-trimester pregnant women by measurement of excretion of urinary metabolites before and after ingestion of either 1000 mg of acetaminophen or placebo. RESULTS: Compared with control (549 +/- 61 pg/well, mean +/- SD), production of prostacyclin in vitro was significantly inhibited by acetaminophen at 10 micrograms/ml (321 +/- 25) and 100 micrograms/ml (257 +/- 14). This inhibition is similar to inhibition by 10 micrograms/ml of indomethacin (228 +/- 11). Excretion of prostacyclin metabolite was significantly lower after ingestion of acetaminophen (2233 +/- 446 vs 1246 +/- 199 pg/mg creatinine, mean +/- SEM) but unchanged after ingestion of placebo (1745 +/- 304 vs 1712 +/- 211). There was no difference in response between normal and hypertensive women, and there was no effect of acetaminophen on thromboxane metabolite excretion. CONCLUSION: Acetaminophen in typical oral doses results in reduced production of prostacyclin by endothelial cells in culture and in a reduction in prostacyclin, but not thromboxane, production in pregnant women.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

Potential role of endothelin-1 in normal and hypertensive pregnancies.

Endothelins are the most potent naturally occurring vasoconstrictors yet discovered. Both normal and abnormal pregnancies are associated with significant changes in vascular smooth muscle; therefore the potential role of endothelin in pregnancy was investigated. Plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood from women with normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and in cord blood from normal pregnancies. Endothelin-1 levels were elevated in pregnant women during labor when compared with levels in nonpregnant women and patients with normal pregnancies before labor. Preeclampsia in nonlaboring women before treatment was associated with higher endothelin values when compared with values in normal nonlaboring patients and women with preeclampsia after magnesium sulfate infusion. The umbilical venous concentration of endothelin was 10 times higher than normal pregnant levels and four times higher than levels in laboring patients.

Adult↗