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Biomedical subjects

J Kroll

Publications and source records attributed to J Kroll.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Cerebral oximetry by infrared spectroscopy in comparison with continuous measurement of oxygen saturation of the jugular vein bulb in interventions of the internal carotid artery].

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring the central nervous system during carotid endarterectomy plays an important role in detection of cerebral ischemia. With optical spectroscopy in the near-infrared light range it is now possible to measure regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) noninvasively. Numerous studies emphasize the importance of cerebral oxygen balance rather than absolute values of cerebral blood flow or metabolic rate. In this study data from oxygen saturation measured in the jugular bulb (SJO2) were compared to rSO2. METHODS: 10 patients undergoing elective carotid end-arterectomy were enrolled after written informed consent and approval by the local ethics committee. rSO2 data were measured by cerebral spectroscopy (INVOS 3100, Somanetics, Michigan/USA). To avoid lesions of the internal carotid artery, a 4-F oxymetry catheter (OPTICATH, Abbot GmbH, Wiesbaden) was placed in the jugular bulb by retrograde approach after preparation by the surgeon. Anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation were standardised. RESULTS: After cross-clamping of the internal carotid artery rSO2 significantly decreased (60.5 +/- 3.5%) compared to baseline (66.0 +/- 1.4%). After declamping rSO2 increased significantly (63.0 +/- 4.2%) and was close to baseline at the end of operation (65.0 +/- 2.8%). The SJO2 time course showed good correlation compared to rSO2 data (r = 0.85). After cross-clamping SJO2 decreased significantly (51.5 +/- 6.3%) in comparison to baseline (59.5 +/- 4.9%). Declamping increased SJO2 to 59.5 +/- 6.3%. No changes in latencies or amplitudes of SEP were observed throughout the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive cerebral optical spectroscopy is a useful tool to determine the brain tissue oxygenation. The positive correlation to jugular bulb oxygen saturation is somewhat unexpected as rSO2 evaluates regional while SJO2 measures global oxygen content. However our results suggests that both methods are able to detect episodes of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy. The interpretation of the changes of cerebral oxygen saturation with respect to neurological outcome warrants further studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Toxicological evaluation of rapeseed products in a subacute feeding study in rats.

Groups of 15 male rats were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks standard diet containing 0, 2.5, 5 or 10% rapeseed protein isolate (RPI), 2.5, 5 or 10% rapeseed extraction residue (RER) or 10% casein. Body weight gain and food intake were recorded weekly. Clinical chemistry analyses, haematology, urinalysis, organ weights and histology were performed terminally. Serum alanine aminotransferase was decreased by RPI, RER and casein, while serum albumin only increased in rats fed RER. Microscopic examinations revealed abnormalities in liver and kidneys of animals at the 10% RPI, RER and casein levels. The absolute liver weights showed increases in the 5 and 10% RER groups and in the 10% RPI group. The relative kidney weights were reduced at all RER levels and in the 2.5% RPI group. Antithyroid activity of the rapeseed products were not noted.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Capturing and clustering women's judgment policies: the case of hormonal therapy for menopause.

Two hundred sixty-five women estimated the likelihood that they would take estrogen plus progestin to alleviate menopausal symptoms when faced with hypothetical cases varying in degree of hot flashes and risk of osteoporosis and cancer. Clustering of their judgment policies revealed four groups of women with respect to their approach to this decision. These groups of women were significantly different from each other on educational level, perceived experience of stress, and attitudes toward menopause and use of medications. Willingness to take hormonal therapy across all cases was related to attitudes about, and knowledge of, menstruation, perceived stress, mother's experience with menstrual problems, severity of symptoms, and use of vitamins. While there have been previous attempts to cluster rater policies, the current study represents a novel attempt to understand the differences between people who appear to have different policies about a decision problem, in this case, whether or not to take hormone therapy to counter menopausal symptoms.

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

Women's use of information regarding hormone replacement therapy.

For perimenopausal women, an important decision is whether or not to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The decision is complex because HRT involves judgment in weighing gains and losses related to physiological risk. Gains involve relief of hot flashes and prevention of osteoporosis; losses include cancer mortality and side effects of medication. A policy-capturing study of 283 perimenopausal women showed that the factor of most frequent concern was relief of hot flashes. Cluster analyses identified four major groups. Group 4 had an n of 9 and the lowest R2, making interpretation of data questionable. The largest group responded to hot flashes alone; the second to hot flashes and osteoporosis; and the third to hot flashes, somewhat to osteoporosis, but also to side effects of estrogen/progestin therapy. Results indicate nursing interventions should anticipate differences in women's concerns and tailor counseling appropriately.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1990

Obsession or worry?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Medication compliance, antidepressant blood levels, and side effects in Southeast Asian patients.

A study of medication compliance, side effects, and clinical change with the use of antidepressants in 32 Southeast Asian refugee patients seen at an urban mental health center is reported. Patients met criteria for either major depressive episode, posttraumatic stress disorder, or both. Only five of the 32 patients who stated that they were taking their medications regularly had antidepressant blood levels in the therapeutic range. Another 10 patients had subtherapeutic levels and the remaining 17 had undetectable blood levels. Patients with therapeutic blood levels had fewer side effects (p = 0.049) than patients with undetectable blood levels. Blood levels tended (p = 0.070) to be correlated with clinical improvement. The authors discuss cultural attitudes of Southeast Asian refugee patients toward medication use and side effects that appear to influence medication compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Religious beliefs and practices among 52 psychiatric inpatients in Minnesota.

The authors studied the religious beliefs, practices, and experiences of 52 psychiatric inpatients. The rate of belief in the major tenets of faith (God, the Devil, and an afterlife) was uniformly high and in accord with national and local public poll results. Patients with depressive and anxiety disorders tended to score lower than those with other diagnoses on a wide variety of indexes of religion. The authors conclude that religion is an important factor in most patients' lives and that individual inquiry and systematic research into this neglected area are both feasible and important.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in Southeast Asian refugees.

The authors report on 404 Southeast Asian refugees seen at a community clinic. Approximately three-quarters of these patients met DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode, and 14% had posttraumatic stress disorder. Complaints of pain and sleep disturbances were the predominant presenting symptoms. Most of the men were married, but more than 40% of the women were widowed. Between 15% and 30% of the patients reported specific traumatic experiences either in their homeland or during their escape. Widowhood and such traumatic experiences were positively correlated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

[The application of additives and compounds to meat products].

From the economic and perspective point of view the application of compounds and extenders in meat products represents an unavoidable world-wide development. The present study reviews additives and compounds for sausages and other comminuted meat products which have an influence on water binding and fat emulsifying. In the paper details and results of the patent publications published since 1960 are presented and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Water binding of proteins in the processing frankfurter-type sausages. Part. 1. Water-binding ability of freeze-dried meat fractions containing myofibrillar and stromal proteins.

As soon as possible and 48 h after slaughter respectively, from both blade-bone muscle groups of cattle and pig carcasses the "thick pieces" were excised, extracted, and fractionated. Residues and precipitates from water and salt extracts resulted were freeze-dried, and an improved Baumann capillary suction apparatus was used to measure their water binding capacity (WBC) with and without addition of 2% sodium chloride and/or heating to 80 degrees C. With one exception the WBC results followed a relative pattern demonstrating the final residues (stromal proteins and leavings of myofibrillar proteins) binding the highest amount of added water, precipitates of dialysis (mainly containing myofibrillar proteins) a remarkable amount and powdered meats the least. As scanning electron micrographs confirmed, there were no fibrous structures in the precipitates resulted from dialysis of salt solutions (1.0 mol/1). Heating decreased the spontaneous water uptake of all fractions. Addition of sodium chloride had only a noticeable capillary-suction and swelling effect on unheated samples. Hence swelling of undissolved protein structures (extraction of myosin and possibly of actomyosin) is therefore not the only way for water binding in frankfurter-type sausages.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the water binding properties of meat binders, substitutes and extenders by different physical and chemical methods.

From investigations concerning water binding capacity measured by an improved Baumann technique, differential scanning calorimetry, nitrogen solubility, moisture sorption isotherms, specific surface area, and specific volume of powdered proteinaceous materials proposed as binders and/or substitutes in frankfurter-type sausages it has been concluded, that in water uptake on the Baumann apparatus activation energies comparable to diffusion processes and enzymic reactions and not comparable to chemical reactions are favoured. Water taken up on the Baumann apparatus predominantly is freezable, that is free and only physical bound water. Powdered proteinaceous materials do not take up water discontinuously by strictly limited surface areas and perforations. At first the geometrical surface is completely wetted. Not till then water will be bound by capillary effects. Thus only up to a certain degree of moistening (aw 0.92) the more water is bound, the lower the material's solubility. Afterwards solubility, capillary suction pressure and swelling (increasing pore space) will compete.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1987

The relationship of borderline personality disorder to the affective disorders.

The proposition that Borderline Personality Disorders (BPDs) are atypical forms of affective disorder is reviewed in the light of pharmacological, outcome and clinical studies. The case can be summarized briefly as follows: that the basic underlying cause of borderline symptomatology is an effective disorder; that mood disturbance, which is viewed as primarily biological, is more important than developmental experience and life events in maintaining borderline personality features; that therapies aimed at treating the mood disorder should therefore be expected to relieve the personality disorder. However, the pharmacological studies suggest that antidepressant medications have been largely ineffective in treating well defined BPD, except in the presence of coexisting depressive disorder. Indeed low dose antipsychotics have a demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of BPD, which does not strengthen the case for an affective etiology. Follow-up studies of BPDs suggest that dramatic characterological features seen at the time of index hospitalization tend to recede by the time patients are in their 30s, that major affective disorders fail to emerge over time, and that long-term marginal functioning derives from long-term maladaptive patterns across a variety of areas. Clinical studies suggest that 20-60 per cent of patients with BPD have a concomitant depressive disorder. Conversely the prevalence of personality disorders in depressions varies with depressive category, with considerably higher incidence of personality disturbance found in non-endogenous depression. The high rate of coexistence of these two disorders does not imply causality or primacy, in the sense that it is the affective disorder which brings out and causes the personality disorder. The review concludes that the assertion that BPD represents atypical affective disorder begs the possibility that it is precisely in having borderline features that they are atypical, and hence distinct.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗