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Biomedical subjects

J Kubiak

Publications and source records attributed to J Kubiak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Postoperative injection of phenylbutazone does not influence fibrinolytic shutdown.

Twenty-nine patients undergoing cholecystectomy because of chronic calculous cholecystitis were randomised to receive phenylbutazone 10 mg/kg intramuscularly or a control injection (vehicle-containing local anaesthetic) immediately after completion of surgery. Fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations in plasma, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in plasma and fibrinolytic activity in concentrated euglobulins were determined before surgery and on the first, third and seventh postoperative days. Phenylbutazone delayed the postoperative rise of fibrinogen concentration and reduced the plasminogen level on the first day after surgery. Fibrinolytic activity in euglobulins was decreased after the operation in both groups. The great dispersion of the results of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity was the plausible cause of the lack of any significant difference in this variable. The postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown, reflected by the decrease of fibrinolytic activity, was unaffected by phenylbutazone. It can be speculated, however, that the decline of plasminogen concentration after surgery in patients receiving this drug was the result of its stimulatory influence on the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1994

Mouse oocyte maturation is affected by lithium via the polyphosphoinositide metabolism and the microtubule network.

The incubation of mechanically denuded mouse oocytes in medium containing LiCl delayed both germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. When myo-inositol alone was added to the culture medium, we observed that it accelerated GVBD and increased the rate of polar body extrusion, whereas, when combined with LiCl, the normal timing of GVBD was recovered. In the same way, when inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) was microinjected into the ooplasma, we observed an important improvement of the rate of GVBD, as compared to control oocytes, and prevention of lithium inhibition. However, neither myo-inositol nor InsP3 were able to rescue totally the oocytes from the negative effect of lithium on polar body extrusion. Moreover, lithium induced some important changes in microtubule and chromosome organizations. Before extrusion of the first polar body, the reduction of the spindle size or the appearance of short individualized chromosomes dispersed around a large aster of microtubules were often observed, whereas, after polar body extrusion, the spindle appeared smaller and chromosomes were often trapped in the midbody. Thus lithium affects mouse oocyte maturation at two different levels: GVBD and polar body extrusion. Whereas the former seems to be affected via polyphosphoinositide turnover, the latter is InsP3-independent and seems to be influenced negatively via underdevelopment of microtubular structures.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1993

The MAPI as a treatment outcome measure for adolescent inpatients.

The Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI; Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982) was administered at admission and discharge to 215 hospitalized adolescents. Significant mean score differences were found for both internalizing (affective disorder) and externalizing (disruptive behavior disorder) adolescents. Consistent with theory, internalizing adolescents reported significantly greater distress at both admission and discharge than externalizing adolescents. Finally, test-retest reliability coefficients were somewhat lower than those reported previously (Millon et al., 1982) for hospitalized adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression in late-gestation fetal rat lung.

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a structural homologue of epidermal growth factor and competes for binding on a common transmembrane protein receptor/kinase. Although TGF-alpha appears to be more important than epidermal growth factor in embryogenesis and mammalian organogenesis, there is little information regarding its expression in developing lung. Accordingly, we measured levels of immunoreactive TGF-alpha and its gene expression in late-term fetal rat lung during the transition from the canalicular (19-20 d) to the saccular (21 d) stage. We report that at 19 d gestation intrapulmonary levels of TGF-alpha were 1.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg protein as determined by RIA, but had decreased by 50% at 21 d. To determine if the TGF-alpha gene is expressed in lung, RNA isolated from fetal rat lung was reverse transcribed, and a 302-bp fragment corresponding to a portion of the TGF-alpha gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Southern blot hybridization with a 32P-labeled 2.3-kb EcoRI fragment of rat TGF-alpha cDNA clone showed a pattern of declining expression during late gestation. Therefore, fetal rat lung expresses TGF-alpha, as is evidenced by the synthesis of both the message and the protein. Because levels of protein were highest in the period of canalicular lung development when the respiratory acinus is formed and vascularized, a potential role for this intrapulmonary growth factor in pulmonary remodeling is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The expression of nuclear lamin A and C epitopes is regulated by the developmental stage of the cytoplasm in mouse oocytes or embryos.

The cytoplasmic regulation of changes of nuclear lamin antigens was examined by transferring 16-cell stage blastomeres into mouse oocytes. Sixteen-cell stage blastomeres were transferred to either pronuclear eggs, enucleated pronuclear eggs or metaphase II oocytes, which were subsequently activated. Pronuclei react with a monoclonal antibody to A/C lamins (J9), whereas nuclei from 16-cell stage blastomeres do not react with J9. However, after transfer of 16-cell stage nuclei to activated metaphase II oocytes, the transferred nuclei acquire the antigen. This is in contrast to 16-cell nuclei that were transferred to intact or enucleated pronuclear eggs; i.e., the nuclei only faintly acquired the A/C epitope. These results suggest that the developmental stage of the cytoplasm regulates the exposure of nuclear lamina epitopes, perhaps by limiting the supply of lamin A/C in the oocyte or because nuclear lamina assembly can only occur at the telophase transition. Furthermore, it appears that there is some exchange of the A/C epitope between (pro)nuclei within the same cell but that the majority of the A/C lamin epitope can be removed from a cell with (pro)nuclear removal.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Genetically identical parthenogenetic mouse embryos produced by inhibition of the first meiotic cleavage with cytochalasin D.

The microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D inhibits extrusion of the first polar body when present during the first meiotic division of mouse oocytes; however, it does not interfere with anaphase movement of chromosomes, and thus induces the formation of tetraploid oocytes. After the separation of chromosomes in anaphase, two spindles start to assemble. However, they merge rapidly and a single meiotic spindle forms. During the transition between metaphase I and metaphase II, in the presence of cytochalasin D, a drop in histone kinase activity takes place demonstrating a transitional decrease in the activity of the maturation promoting factor. These oocytes can be activated parthenogenetically a few hours after washing out the inhibitor. After completion of the second meiotic division and extrusion of a polar body, they contain a diploid number of chromosomes. They are genetically identical to each other and to their mother. Such eggs develop to the blastocyst stage and can implant in the uteri of foster mothers. Most of these fetuses die before the 9th day of gestation, as do diploid control fetuses treated with cytochalasin D during the second meiotic division. The heterozygous state of the experimental embryos obtained after activation of eggs recovered from heterozygous females and treated with cytochalasin D during the first meiotic division was confirmed using a glucose-phosphate isomerase assay. This technique allows the production of genetic clones of parthenogenetic embryos by simple means.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect od external drainage of the biliary tract on bile infection].

After a brief review of the pertinent literature the results are presented of bacteriological examinations carried out in patients with calculosis of the gallbladder and bile ducts. The study demonstrated that E. coli was the prevailing bacterium in the bile and that external drainage of the bile ducts exerts a direct effect on increased incidence of contamination of bile in bile ducts even despite antibiotic treatment.

Bile↗
PubMed1985

Effect of the antitubulin drug nocodazole on meiosis and postmeiotic development in Tetrahymena thermophila. Induction of achiasmatic meiosis.

Nocodazole (ND), a potent antitubulin drug, can be used to dissect the steps of meiosis in Tetrahymena, presumably by interfering with the assembly of microtubules. Its effects depend upon the time during conjugation at which the drug is applied. When applied prior to the elongation of the micronucleus into the characteristic 'crescent' configuration, no crescent is formed and the chromosomes of prepachytene and pachytene condense into spherical nuclei. If ND is applied after micronuclear elongation has begun, but before it is fully elongated, the chromosomes fail to synapse and appear in metaphase I as unpaired monovalents. In contrast, the metaphase I chromosomes appear as bivalents when ND is applied later, during or after the crescent has reached its maximum elongation. Still later, application of ND inhibits chromosome movements during anaphase and telophase of either meiotic division, but does not prevent separation of kinetochores. In some of the blocked restitutive nuclei an additional round of chromosome replication occurs, corresponding to the third pregamic division in normal conjugation. The hyperploid micronuclei produced by such treatment may be useful in certain genetic manipulations and in studying the regulation of nuclear DNA content.

Animals↗