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Biomedical subjects

J Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to J Kubo.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

PK/PD and safety of a single dose of TMX-67 (febuxostat) in subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment.

A single oral dose of 20 mg febuxostat was administered to subjects with normal, mild or moderate impairment in renal function. There was less than a 2-fold difference in AUC of plasma unchanged febuxostat among the renal function groups, and changes in plasma urate levels from pre-dose levels were not significant. A total of five adverse events were reported with all mild in severity. The results indicate that renal impairment will have little clinical impact on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of the study drug.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2004

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat (TMX-67), a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (NPSIXO) in patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia.

The diurnal change of sUA and the effect of febuxostat on this change were investigated in 10 patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia. The diurnal sUA change after the last dose during the 4-week treatment phase (20 mg, QD) was almost the same as the pre-treatment value. Considering the dose, the AUC(obs) and Cmax of unchanged drug in patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia were estimated to be similar to those of healthy male adults. The results show that a 6-week treatment with febuxostat is safe and well-tolerated in the target patient population for this drug.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of middle latency auditory-evoked response in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after treatment.

The ascending reticular activating system seems to be affected by nocturnal hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients so that their vigilance level is decreased. To evaluate the change in vigilance level in OSAS patients, polysomnography, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and middle latency auditory-evoked responses (MLR) were measured before and after treatment in seven men with OSAS (mean age 45.4 +/- 12.9 years, mean body mass index 33.3 +/- 7.6 kg/m2). After treatment there was significant improvement of nocturnal hypoxia in OSAS. Peak amplitude of P1 in MLR increased after treatment. There was also improvement of the electrical field distribution of MLR on the scalp. The results suggest that the decreased vigilance level in OSAS patients is reversible with treatment.

Arousal↗
PubMed2001

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with insomnia and the aggravation of sleep-disordered breathing.

A case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosed by sleep-disordered breathing is described. The patient's chief complaints were insomnia and nocturnal dyspnea after taking a hypnotic drug. On examination, he showed restrictive ventilatory impairment, alveolar hypoventilation and hypoxia. Polysomnographic examination revealed marked hypoxia during REM sleep periods, decreased duration of REM sleep periods, and increased sleep disruption. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was diagnosed by the neurological finding of paraspinal muscle weakness and neurogenic changes revealed by needle electromyography and muscle biopsy. The daytime and nocturnal respiratory insufficiency improved after nasal bilevel positive airway pressure therapy. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should be suspected as a cause of insomnia and nocturnal dyspnea.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed2001

Parasomnia as an occasion for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

We report a case of Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosed by REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). The patient was a 68-year-old man. On admission, rigidity in the left upper and lower extremities, bradykinesia, and gait disturbance were noted. In addition, polysomnography revealed REM sleep without atonia (RWA), and a diagnosis of untreated PD associated with RBD was made. Polysomnographic data showed that REM density decreased and RWA tended to increase after administration of a combination of L-DOPA and DCI (L-DOPA/DCI). Thus, we considered that the pathophysiological mechanism of RBD in this case was based not only on the dysfunction of the brainstem mechanism of RWA, but also on the impairment of dopaminergic neuron.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[A case of slowly progressive "pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (PCB)"].

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of slowly progressive weakness in the neck, shoulders, proximal arms, oropharyngeal muscles. From a viewpoint of clinical course and signs, it was suspected that the patient was suffered from motor neuron disease. However, serial electrophysiological studies showed the existence of local demyelination of the motor nerves. The immunoadsorption was then performed and marked recovery of symptoms was obtained. In this case, we could not detect any established anti-ganglioside antibodies which was related to pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome(PCB) or Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). It is suggested that unknown anti-ganglioside antibody may play an important role in cases of PCB. Despite of atypical slowliness of clinical progression and negative results of immunological studies, this patient is considered to be suffered from PCB, because of the results of electrophysiological studies and effectiveness of immunoadsorption therapy. Accordingly it may be important to take the possibility of PCB into diagnostic consideration, whenever the patient shows slowly progressive weakness in proximal arms, oropharyngeal muscles.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[A case with cerebral subcortical hemorrhage following the administration of phenylpropanolamine].

A 21-year-old woman experienced severe headache and nausea one hour after taking pills containing 160 mg of phenylpropanolamine for common cold. She had no previous history of drug abuse or hypertension. Physical examination revealed slight left-sided hemiparesis. Her blood pressure was 100/52 mmHg. Subcortical hemorrhage was noted in the right frontal lobe with a cranial computed tomography. On the seventh hospital day, cerebral angiography demonstrated with segmental narrowing of a branch of the right anterior cerebral artery, indicating the presence of focal angitis. This finding disappeared on the 35th hospital day. In the majority of the reported cases of the intracerebal hemorrhage associated with the ingestion of phenylpropanolamine, focal angitis rather than induced hypertension is considered to be a causative factor for hemorrhage. Thus, we would like to emphasize that the administration of phenylpropanolamine should be avoided, even to the patients without hypertention or past history of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Abnormal information processing in dementia of Alzheimer type. A study using the event-related potential's field.

Electrical field changes of event-related potentials (ERPs) were investigated in 26 patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 12 age-matched normal subjects. The patients were assessed with the Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental State. Each patient selected had only mild to moderate mental disability. Auditory oddball stimulation was presented at 1.5 s intervals and 1,000 Hz for the nontarget and 2,000 Hz for the target tones, both at 85 dB. The target tones were 20% of all the tones. The reference-independent data (latency, global field power: GFP, dissimilarity index: DISS and location of centroids) were obtained and analyzed for each ERP component. The momentary electric strength or 'hilliness' of the ERPs landscape was indicated by GFP. The patients showed prolonged latencies and decreased P300 GFP amplitudes and of N100 GFP. These findings suggest that the abnormal electrical field of ERP may reflect abnormal information processing following the attentional process for target stimuli in DAT patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Brainstem function in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: the evaluation of brainstem function by proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

Brainstem function was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in a 69-year-old man with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. An analysis of spectral peak area ratios revealed an increase in the choline/creatine ratio. This change suggests that brainstem neurons have functional impairment at the cell membrane level. Further, our results suggest that 1H-MRS may provide for non-invasive, metabolic evaluation of brainstem neuronal function in REM sleep behavior disorder and find application in the differentiation of secondary REM sleep behavior disorders with neurodegenerative disorders from idiopathic disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Alternate numbness in the upper extremities as the initial symptom of basilar migraine: an electrophysiological evaluation using EEG power topography.

A case of basilar migraine (BM) with alternate numbness as the initial symptom is described. The patient's chief complaint was alternate numbness in the right and left upper extremities. After angiography the patient fell into a drowsy state, followed by excitation, and finally confusion. The EEG power topography showed slow alpha, theta and delta power in the right occipital area, and alternatively in the right and left parietal area. These findings suggest that the cause of BM is not only based on a vasoconstriction mechanism, but also cortical spreading depression. BM should be suspected as a cause of sensory symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[A case of multiple sclerosis with hypothalamic amenorrhea].

We present a 31-year-old woman of multiple sclerosis. At age 28, she was admitted with complaints of echolalia and a gradual onset of weakness affecting the right upper and bilateral lower limbs. Brain MRI showed high intensity areas in the bilateral frontal gyri, lobuli paracentralis, and left anterior thalamus. Although she had been in remission for 3 years, she developed dysesthesia of left upper and lower limbs. Cervical T2 weighted MRI showed a new high signal intensity lesion in the spinal cord from the C2 to C3 level. The combination of the cerebral, thalamic and spinal cord lesions with remission and excerbations allowed the diagnosis of clinically MS to be made. She suffered amenorrhea from the onset of her illness. Serum prolactin was within the normal range. The LH and FSH basal secretions were decreased and there were low delayed secretions of LH and FSH after intravenous injection of 100 micrograms LHRH. We consider that her amenorrhea was caused by the hypothalamic lesion, supported by MR findings of dilatation of the third ventricle.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mechanisms of hepatic disposition of polystyrene microspheres in rats: effects of serum depend on the sizes of microspheres.

To study the mechanisms of the hepatic disposition of polystyrene microspheres (MS), effects of serum on their hepatic disposition characteristics were investigated for MSs with particle sizes of 50 nm (MS-50) and 500 nm (MS-500) by isolated liver perfusion experiments. It was revealed that serum in the perfusate inhibited and promoted the hepatic disposition of MS-50 and MS-500 at 37 degrees C, respectively. However, pre-heating at 56 degrees C or pre-treatment with anti-C3 antibody of serum reduced the promotive effect of serum on the hepatic uptake of MS-500, suggesting that the complement system should be involved as opsonins for the hepatic uptake of MS-500. Hepatic disposition of both MSs at 4 degrees C was reduced by the addition of serum into the perfusate, which could be ascribed to the reduction of the surface hydrophobicity of MSs due to the adsorption of serum proteins onto the surface of MSs and to resultant decrease in non-specific disposition to the liver. From these results, serum was found to function both as the opsonin to enhance the hepatic uptake of MSs and as the inhibitor by reducing non-specific interaction between MSs and the plasma membrane. Whether serum promotes or inhibits the hepatic disposition of MSs would be dependent on the particle sizes of MSs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from the cashew apple.

Anacardic acids and (E)-2-hexenal characterized from the cashew Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) apple have been found to exhibit antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is now considered to cause acute gastritis. The same antibacterial compounds have also been found to inhibit urease (EC 3.5.1.5).

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical application of multi-shot diffusion EPI in neurological disease].

Using the multi-shot EPI method we investigated the clinical application of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of neurological disease. The multi-shot method provided better susceptibility artifact-free DWI than the single-shot method particularly in the region of the posterior cranial fossa. DWI using the multi-shot EPI method readily shows the pyramidal tract extending from the internal capsule to the brainstems which is inaccessible by the conventional single-shot EPI method, and providing three-dimensional and distinct images of pyramidal tract changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or cerebral infarction with pyramidal tract disturbance. Our findings suggest that the use of DWI with the multi-shot EPI method would provide a technique for the easy diagnosis and evaluation of various neurological diseases.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolites of feprazone in man.

Two male volunteers received 400 mg of nonlabeled feprazone, 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-dioxo-4-(3'-methyl-but-2'-enyl)pyrazolidine. Metabolites were extracted and isolated by chromatography on silica gel. Isolated metabolites were unchanged drug, E-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-dioxo-4-(3'-hydroxymethyl-but-2'-enyl)pyrazolidine, and feprazone (C4)-beta-glucuronide. Feprazone (C4)-beta-glucuronide was the main metabolite and it belongs to a novel type of conjugate, (C)-beta-glucuronide.

Feprazone↗