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Biomedical subjects

J Kulkarni

Publications and source records attributed to J Kulkarni.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cisplatin-based (PVB+M) chemotherapy in good-risk and poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.

Twenty-seven patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors were treated with Cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, and low-dose methotrexate (PVB+M) combinations. Patients were divided into good-risk and poor-risk groups. All seven patients (100%) with good-risk factors achieved complete response, and all are alive disease free at a median of 70 months. In the poor-risk group, only 10 of 20 patients (50%) achieved complete response, and seven (35%) are alive disease free at a median of 58 months. Eight patients, 4 in each group, were required to undergo surgery for removal of postchemotherapy residual masses. The results confirm that Cisplatin-based chemotherapy protocols are adequate to cure most patients with good-risk factors, and newer approaches are needed for patients at poor risk.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Dopamine uptake by platelets from subjects with schizophrenia: a correlation with the delusional state of the patient.

The uptake of 3H-dopamine by platelets from patients with a number of psychiatric disorders has been compared with that by platelets from normal volunteers. Overall, 3H-dopamine uptake by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from 25 schizophrenic subjects did not differ from 3H-dopamine uptake by PRP from 22 nonschizophrenic patients and 61 normal volunteers. In the schizophrenic group, however, there was an increased spread of results with seven values falling outside the range of results observed in the control group. Furthermore, of the patients rated, only for the schizophrenic patients was there an inverse correlation between 3H-dopamine uptake by platelets and the rating for delusions on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Thus, 3H-dopamine uptake by platelet seems, in some way, to be linked to be delusional state of the patient. Further study of 3H-dopamine uptake by platelets is warranted in a larger and more diverse group of patients to determine the significance of altered dopamine uptake by platelets from some schizophrenic subjects and the correlation between platelet 3H-dopamine uptake and the delusional state of these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Symptomatic response to antipsychotics differs between recent onset and recurrent chronic schizophrenic patients.

The symptomatic response to standard antipsychotic treatment was assessed over the first 4 weeks of hospitalisation in 39 patients with DSM-III schizophrenia, active phase, using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). While highly significant improvement was noted overall, 36% of patients either did not improve or worsened. Furthermore there was no diminution in the withdrawal-retardation factor of the BPRS. Patients experiencing their first admission to hospital, all with recent-onset illness, were then compared with patients who presented with a recurrence and had illness of at least 3 years duration. Despite similarities in overall response, withdrawal-retardation scores did not diminish in recent-onset patients, in contrast to multiple admissions who demonstrated significant improvement. These findings suggest greater responsiveness of negative symptoms to treatment in patients with longstanding illness, and possibly a poorer prognosis in first admission patients with deficit manifestations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Basal and haloperidol-stimulated prolactin in neuroleptic-free men with schizophrenia defined by 11 diagnostic systems.

Forty-four male, neuroleptic-free, acutely psychotic patients with at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia among 11 diagnostic systems, and 28 healthy controls, underwent measurement of prolactin (PRL) concentrations before and after intravenous administration of haloperidol (0.5 mg). Basal PRL concentrations were lower in the patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) DSM-III, Cloninger, and Taylor and Abrams schizophrenias than in controls. Compared with the controls, the PRL response to haloperidol was lower in the patients with schizophrenia defined by all diagnostic systems except those of Schneider and M. Bleuler. Neither basal nor stimulated PRL concentrations were correlated with positive symptoms, but basal PRL was correlated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) depression-related subscore. This study lends further support for the presence of dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, and demonstrates the advantages and problems in the use of multidiagnostic psychopathological evaluation to categorize a disorder where there is major disagreement among diagnostic systems.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Validation of a method to measure the uptake of [3H]dopamine by human platelets.

We have assessed the validity of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to measure dopamine uptake by platelets. In addition, we report on a pilot study comparing [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP from psychotic patients to that by PRP from healthy volunteers. Uptake of radiolabelled dopamine by PRP was related to the concentration of [3H]dopamine added and correlated with platelet number. [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP was not altered by varying pH (6.8 to 8.0) or by the time PRP was incubated prior to the addition of the radiolabelled dopamine. 11.7 +/- 0.34% (mean +/- SEM) of [3H]dopamine added to plasma was precipitated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and appeared to be associated with a large molecular mass component of plasma. The amount of PEG precipitable [3H]dopamine did not correlate with dopamine uptake (r = 0.02) or differ between patients and controls. Uptake of [3H]dopamine by PRP from 52 volunteers (26 M, 26 F; age, 18-75 yr), expressed as the area under the dopamine uptake curve up to 60 min in arbitrary units, ranged from 72-285 for males and 59-455 for females. Comparing [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP from 15 psychotic patients to these sex-specific reference ranges 9 of 13 PRP from schizophrenic patients had [3H]dopamine uptake outside the normative values whereas the two non-schizophrenic patients did not differ from normal. Dopamine uptake by PRP may be useful in the study of diseases with altered dopaminergic activity in the CNS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prolactin response to low-dose haloperidol challenge in schizophrenic, non-schizophrenic psychotic, and control subjects.

Haloperidol was administered IV to 46 male psychotic inpatients and 28 male control subjects. A two-way analysis of covariance, with age as the covariate, revealed that DSM-III schizophrenics (n = 27) had a lower prolactin response to haloperidol than did the controls (n = 28). There were no significant differences between the prolactin responses in schizophrenics, patients with affective disorders (n = 7), and those with other psychoses (n = 12), which included patients with paranoia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective disorder, and atypical psychoses. These findings support the proposition that tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic dysfunction may occur in certain patients with DSM-III schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of psychotic symptoms to haloperidol-stimulated prolactin release.

Prolactin (PRL) response to a single dose of intravenous haloperidol (0.5 mg) was measured as a marker of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) activity in 24 neuroleptic-free, male, psychotic patients. The PRL responses were then correlated with psychotic symptoms measured with Andreasen's Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (SAPS, SANS). Correlation analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between PRL response and the severity of delusional symptoms. There was no significant correlation between the symptoms of hallucinations, formal thought disorder, or global negative symptoms and PRL response to haloperidol, nor were there any significant correlations between basal PRL and symptom severity. These results suggest that among the positive and negative symptoms associated with psychoses, only delusions may be associated with TIDA overactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Weak carcinogenic effect of masheri, a pyrolysed tobacco product, in mouse skin tumor models.

Two commonly used varieties of masheri, pyrolysed tobacco products, were tested for their skin carcinogenicity in Swiss mice and the more sensitive strain of Swiss bare mice. In Swiss mice, painting of brown and black varieties of masheri extract did not show any tumorgenic effect; however, a marginal synergistic effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and black masheri extract was observed when DMBA was used as an initiator. In Swiss bare mice, black masheri extract induced tumors in 20%-35% animals at both the doses tested. In an initiation/promotion protocol with DMBA as an initiator, induction of tumors in 50%-52% Swiss bare mice and a slight synergistic effect of black masheri extract were observed with a low dose of DMBA, suggesting a synergistic effect.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1987

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of masheri, a pyrolysed tobacco product, and its content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

Masheri, an indigenous pyrolysed tobacco product in India, was studied for its chemical, mutagenic and carcinogenic profile. Masheri extract was found to be rich in N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was highly mutagenic in the presence of an exogenous metabolic system in the Ames test and in the micronucleus test, in a dose-dependent manner. It also induced 8-azaguanine-resistant mutants in Chinese hamster V79 cells. On skin painting, it showed a weak carcinogenic effect in Swiss nude mice. The saliva of masheri users showed high levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN; 14-43 ppb) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR; 2.2-8.3 ppb). Thus, this widespread habit, predominant among women, could be an additive risk factor in the high incidence of oropharyngeal cancer prevalent in India.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The medical and psychological investigation of psychogenic polydipsia: a case study.

The case of a 17 year-old female with psychogenic polydipsia is reported; 13 out of 18 members of her maternal family were known to have had polydipsia and polyuria, but only two had undergone endocrine investigations--one had diabetes insipidus and one also had psychogenic polydipsia. There are probable contributions of non-genetic family factors including imitation and identification to the development of this patient's condition. Detailed family and developmental histories may be of particular assistance in the understanding of the psychogenesis of the disorder in some patients.

Adolescent↗