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Biomedical subjects

J Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to J Kumar.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Premature condensation of chromatin induced in goat (Capra hircus) oocytes after gonadotrophin treatment.

In comparison with ovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), superovulation of goats with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) produced premature ovulations within 48 h of drug administration. To test the hypothesis that this may be associated with a differential effect of the two drugs on oocyte maturation, we have compared the meiotic status of oocytes obtained at three different time intervals from animals treated with 1200 i.u. PMSG or 12 mg ovine FSH and from untreated control animals. Significantly more oocytes from PMSG-treated, compared with control and FSH-treated, animals showed premature condensation of chromatin at both the time of sponge withdrawal and 20 h later. The chromatin condensation was, however, not associated with germinal vesicle breakdown. In contrast, when oocytes were examined 6 h before the expected time of ovulation following human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injection, no significant difference was found in the proportion of oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown between the three treatment groups, with most oocytes being at the metaphase I or II stage of meiosis. We conclude that superovulation of goats with PMSG at a dose resulting in a high incidence of premature ovulations is associated with premature activation of the initial stages of nuclear maturation in oocytes. In contrast, although treatment with 12 mg ovine FSH did not cause premature ovulations, it was not totally devoid of premature chromatin-condensing activity in oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary metastases in gestational trophoblastic disease: a review of 97 cases.

Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease poses problems in diagnosis and management and has a poorer prognosis than the non-metastatic variant. The lung is the most common site of metastases. This paper reviews 97 patients with pulmonary metastasis developing after gestational trophoblastic disease who were seen at one centre over 26 years. Most patients had an antecedent molar pregnancy but an associated choriocarcinomatous lesion in the uterus was absent in the majority. In many patients the pulmonary lesion was asymptomatic. Whilst chemotherapy was the treatment of choice, selective thoracotomy in cases with solitary lung nodules reduced the treatment time and need for aggressive multi-drug combination regimens. The overall survival rate at 2 years after diagnosis was 65%. A higher mortality was found when the antecedent pregnancy ended at term, when the time interval between the preceding pregnancy and diagnosis of pulmonary metastases was greater than 1 year, when multiple pulmonary secondaries were present or when cerebral metastases occurred. The main causes of death were cerebral haemorrhage, respiratory failure and pulmonary embolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dental caries and tetracycline-stained dentition in an American Indian population.

Complaints of enamel defects in American Indian children residing on the St. Regis reservation in New York State prompted an epidemiological study. The results of that study, reported earlier (Rebich et al., 1983), indicated that over one-fifth of the American Indian children had discoloration of the dentition due to ingestion of tetracycline during the years of tooth formation. These data also provided an ideal opportunity to examine the link between tetracycline staining and caries which has been postulated by previous authors. American Indian children, ages 7-18, were found to have a higher caries experience than other children and a lower rate of dental service utilization, as evidenced by the filled component of the DMFS index (FS/DMFS). Within the American Indian population, however, no indication was found of any association between tetracycline staining and dental caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of immune and nutritional status with wound complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

The present study indicates the need for close scrutiny of the immune and nutritional status of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Simple anthropometric measurements (weight and triceps skin fold thickness MAC) serologic testing (serum albumin), ALC, and skin testing are useful to identify patients with immunocompromise caused by nutritional deficiency. Early recognition and correction of immune nutritional deficits in patients undergoing abdominal surgery should lead to reduction in postoperative morbidity due to wound complication.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Association of plasma 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase with production traits in chickens: effects of age and housing systems.

The housing system, age of pullets and their interaction had a significant effect on plasma 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Activities were higher in birds in cages than in those on the floor, reflecting perhaps the stress of caging. Activities increased with age. Activities were higher in pullets selected for higher production. The type of housing had no effect on egg production, but age at first egg, egg weight and 40-week body weight were found to be affected significantly.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1983

Association of plasma 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase with production traits in chickens: genetic and phenotypic variability.

Heritability of plasma alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activities at 20, 35 and 50 weeks of age ranged from 0.047 to 0.275. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among enzyme activities at the three ages were positive and high. Genetic correlations of enzyme activities with production traits indicated that the bird having higher activities of these enzyme will grow faster, mature earlier and produce heavier but fewer eggs.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1983

The St. Regis environmental health issue: assessment of dental defects.

A descriptive epidemiologic study was undertaken to determine the nature, extent, and severity of defects of the dentition alleged to be fluorosis in Native American children. An examination of 520 Native American children living on the St. Regis Reservation, and 248 non-Native American children living in adjacent areas, disclosed a much higher prevalence of generalized pigmentation of the dentition in the former (114, 22%) as compared with the latter group (13, 5.2%). The pattern of enamel pigmentation, opacity, and hypoplasia observed was not typical of fluorosis. After careful consideration of various etiologic factors, use of the antibiotic tetracycline was determined to be the probable causative agent in 112 (21.5%) cases, of which 73 (14%) were classified as esthetically objectionable according to the tetracycline severity index devised. Confirmation of incorporation of the drug into the teeth was made possible in selected cases by histopathologic analysis of extracted teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The need for dental health screening and referral programs.

School-based dental health screening and referral programs can have a tremendous impact on a community. They provide examinations to children, some of whom have never seen a dentist, and refer those in need of treatment. When coordinated with other dental health activities, these programs can also raise the overall consciousness about oral health and need for health care in children and parents alike. By their concern for dental health and encouragement to the children to participate in the screening programs and follow through on referrals, school officials can serve as role models to the children and further reinforce the importance of dental health. By conducting the screenings on a local level, the problem is seen as a community one, and is more likely to be meaningfully addressed. School officials, health personnel and teachers are instrumental in initiating and conducting these programs and are thus responsible for the benefits the children derive from the screenings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fresh versus stored blood in donor specific transfusion.

Haploidentical, MLC responsive recipients were randomized to receive either fresh (less than 48 hours old) or stored donor specific transfusions (DST). In the stored DST group, one donor unit obtained with CPD-Adenine anticoagulant was split into three aliquots and administered as packed cells after 1, 3, and 5 weeks of storage. While 3/6 fresh DST recipients became sensitized to their donors, 0/12 receiving stored DSTs developed positive donor crossmatches. Eleven patients (three fresh, eight stored) have been transplanted and have had similar posttransplant courses. None of the stored DST recipients has rejected his transplant. Four recipients of stored DSTs are awaiting transplantation. Leukocyte enumeration and FACS analysis of aliquots of stored blood shown that cells bearing HLA-ABC antigens disappear with time while B cells and monocytes persist. Taken in concert, the observations suggest that favorable recipient conditioning for transplantation can take place without sensitization to HLA antigens by simply storing the blood prior to transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Goldenhar syndrome.

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Abnormalities, Multiple↗