PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Alio

Publications and source records attributed to J L Alio.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy augmented by excimer laser masked PTK in the management of severe superficial corneal opacities.

AIM: To assess superficial lamellar keratectomy augmented by excimer laser smoothening with sodium hyaluronate 0.25%, for the management of superficial corneal opacities. METHODS: Consecutive procedure performed in 14 eyes (13 patients) with an automated microkeratome and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) smoothening using sodium hyaluronate 0.25%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: UCVA, BCVA, pachymetry, degree of haze, ray tracing analysis, and complications. Mean follow up was 12 (SD 1.6) months. RESULTS: Mean preoperative haze from previous corneal refractive surgeries was 3.5 (SD 0.5) (11/14 cases). In one case, opacity was caused by ocular trauma and in two by infectious keratitis. The mean preoperative UCVA was 0.7 logMAR (0.2 (SD 0.13) decimal value). BCVA was 0.4 logMAR (0.4 (SD 0.17) decimal value). Mean preoperative corneal pachymetry was 508 (SD 62.5) micro m and mean opacity depth measured by corneal confocal microscopy was 115.2 (SD 49.4) micro m. At 6 months, 71.4% of the eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery showed grade I haze or less. Mean postoperative corneal pachymetry at 6 months was 352.36 (SD 49.05) micro m. CONCLUSIONS: Automated superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with excimer laser PTK smoothening assisted by sodium hyaluronate 0.25% induces a significant improvement of corneal transparency and visual acuity in cases of corneal opacity caused by previous refractive surgery, ocular trauma, and keratitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use prevent endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the preventive effect of immunoglobulins for intravenous use (IVIgs) in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), a disease related to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EIU was the experimental model in Lewis rats, injecting a systemic dose of 150 microg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the rat's footpad. Half of them were treated with 5 serial intravenous doses of 100 mg of IVIg during the 5 days prior to LPS injection. Eyes were repeatedly examined with a slitlamp, rats were killed and their eyes enucleated for histopathologic study at the 2nd, 16th and 24th hours. TNF-alpha serum levels were measured in aqueous humor at several time intervals by a bioassay using L-929 mouse fibroblasts. Aqueous humor proteins were detected by the Bradford method. RESULTS: IVIg treatment prevented EIU development, treated animals showing a lower grade of ocular inflammation beyond the 2nd hour (Fisher test, p > 0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced in the iris, ciliary body and anterior chamber at a 24-hour interval (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). This protection was associated with lower levels of TNF-alpha in serum at all time intervals and in aqueous humor at 16 h (Student's t test, p < 0.05), while differences were not significant between the samples of aqueous humor collected at 2 h. Protein exudate was not reduced in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated IVIg injections could be useful in the preventive treatment of EIU probably mediated by a decrease in TNF-alpha release.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Antioxidant therapy in the treatment of experimental acute corneal inflammation.

To ascertain the effectiveness of topical antioxidant therapy on acute corneal inflammation, we have studied the effectiveness of topical treatment with a saline solution and with antioxidants such as 0.2% superoxide dismutase and 0.5% dimethylthiourea (DMTU) in a controlled experimental study. The evolution of the inflammatory process was evaluated by a multimodel approach, including computer-assisted planimetry of the corneal ulcer and infiltrate, ultrasonic pachymetry, luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and the study of corneal transparency by direct spectral spectrophotometry transmittance. The experimental model was a corneal ulcer created by a 60-second application of 1 N sodium hydroxide. Topical treatment with DMTU was shown to significantly improve all parameters tested, while superoxide dismutase reduced only the corneal ulcers. Antioxidant topical therapy with DMTU was shown to be efficient in reducing the inflammatory reaction that occurs during acute corneal inflammation. This suggests that antioxidant therapy could be considered as a complementary treatment in the pharmacological modulation of acute corneal inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Topical treatment of experimental acute corneal inflammation by dexamethasone and nonsteroidal drugs.

In this study, we have correlated the relative effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus corticosteroids in the topical treatment of acute corneal inflammation. The authors have studied the effect of 1 drop every 6 h of flurbiprofen 0.03%, indomethacin 1%, diclofenac 0.1% and dexamethasone 0.1% in an experimental model of corneal alkali burn. The objective parameters used to evaluate the corneal inflammatory response were Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, ultrasonic pachymetry and computer-assisted analysis of the area of the corneal ulceration. Indomethacin 1% showed statistically significant effects on the improvement of all the parameters tested in the study. No such effect was demonstrated for flurbiprofen 0.03% or diclofenac 0.1%. We can conclude that indomethacin 1% is an effective drug in the treatment of experimental acute corneal alkali-burn inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of experimental acute corneal inflammation with inhibitors of the oxidative metabolism.

The authors studied the effect of topical 2% 6-aminonicotinamide and 0.1% adenosine on an experimental model of acute corneal inflammation. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LAC), as an indirect measurement of free-radical release, and computer-assisted planimetry of the corneal ulcer and its infiltrate were performed both ex vivo and in vivo on the fifth day following the induction of experimental alkali burn keratitis. The authors proved that both drugs significantly inhibited LAC both ex vivo and in vivo and that such treatments had also a significant beneficial effect on the evolution of the corneal ulcer and its infiltrate. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this finding had not been previously reported in experimental corneal inflammation and may indicate that treatment with inhibitors of the oxidative metabolism could offer a new approach in the pharmacological modulation of acute corneal inflammation.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1984

Fundus changes following faden operation.

A faden operation was performed in 187 eyes that were studied by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy at regular intervals after the surgical procedure. Of these eyes, 29 (15.5%) showed ocular fundus abnormalities, with 28 cases of chorioretinal scars at the level of the muscle scleral anchorage and one case of Herpburn-Amalric triangular syndrome of choroidal ischemia. No case of retinal tears was found in this series. Fundus changes are by far the most frequent complication of the faden operation, and to our knowledge, this has not been previously described. The findings of the present study suggest (1) the necessity of routine ophthalmoscopic controls in the postoperative stage regarding those eyes in which the faden operation has been performed, and (2) that the faden operation on the lateral rectus muscle is seriously contraindicated because of the high risk of irreversible macular damage consecutive to these chorioretinal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malondialdehyde serum concentration in type 1 diabetic with and without retinopathy.

Lipid peroxides are thought to be formed by free radicals and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. A convenient and sensitive method for estimation of lipid peroxide concentration is the quantitative estimation of their metabolic end-product malondialdehyde (MDA) expressed in mmol/L using the thiobarbituric acid test (TBA-test). We have measured the serum concentrations of MDA in 60 well controlled type I diabetic patients (28 without retinopathy and 32 with retinopathy) and 13 age-matched healthy subjects. Patients with retinopathy showed significantly increased MDA level (2.65+/-1.00) compared to diabetics without retinopathy (1.80+/-0.81) and healthy controls (1.47+/-0.45). The serum levels of MDA correlated best with glycosylated haemoglobin (r=0.28), serum triglyceride concentration (r=0.29) and serum cholesterol concentration. (r=0.47). Increased lipid peroxides suggesting increased free radical activity is associated with retinopathy and this may have pathogenetic implications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endogenous endophthalmitis by Propionibacterium acnes associated with leflunomide and adalimumab therapy.

PURPOSE: To report a case of unusual endogenous endophthalmitis associated with the use of leflunomide and adalimumab. METHODS: A 48-year-old woman on treatment with leflunomide and adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis developed an endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and positive cultures. The patient underwent surgical treatment and intravitreal vancomycin, but the eye developed retinal fibrosis and untreatable retinal detachment. RESULTS: This report of endogenous endophthalmitis associated with the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti -TNF-a) drugs is consistent with those in the literature. P. acnes may induce pathologic reactions in compromised patients and cause endophthalmitis, but only after ocular surgery or in intravenous drug users. The Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the drugs and the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of atypical infectious conditions in patients on anti-TNF-a drugs is critical for early diagnosis and good outcome.

Adalimumab↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of the potential acuity meter in predicting the visual outcome in cases of cataract associated with macular degeneration.

In order to ascertain the accuracy and specificity of the Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) in the preoperative evaluation of likely postoperative visual acuity in cases of cataract associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), we studied the results in 130 cases, 54 of whom had preoperatively proved or suspected ARMD associated with a cataract. All of them were operated with extracapsular extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL), and final visual acuity was established when all the patients were visited three months postoperatively. A positive linear correlation was found between normal ocular fundus and PAM prediction (r = 0.77), and in the group of patients with preoperatively confirmed ARMD (r = 0.77). No difference was found between the preoperative PAM estimation and the final visual acuity in both groups. The PAM prediction was less accurate in cases with doubtful preoperative ARMD (r = 0.58) for whom showed PAM the highest score of false negatives in favor of the final visual acuity. Our results show that PAM is a reliable clinical technique for the prediction of visual results after cataract surgery in cases with preoperatively proved or doubtful macular pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the PAM in diseased or suspicious maculas associated with cataract.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior chamber metastasis from neuroblastoma.

An apparently normal 10-day-old girl had, since birth, a gray-white vascularized tumor in the inferior quadrants of the right anterior chamber. General physical examination revealed abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and a deeply located abdominal mass. Multiple subcutaneous nodules scattered all around the body's surface could be palpated. Surgical exploration confirmed the presence of a left adrenal neuroblastoma. Six months after a complete resection of the abdominal tumor and general radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the right anterior chamber mass regressed almost completely, leaving only a calcified residue. The child is living and well six years after the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. This is the first case known to us in the literature of a congenital anterior chamber metastasis, as well as the first case reported of an anterior segment metastasis from a neuroblastoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscular structural changes following fadenoperation.

The authors describe the macroscopic, histological, and ultrastructural findings observed in an experimental animal model of the fadenoperation . Grossly, muscular fibrosis and musculo-scleral adhesions were well established after the second postoperative month. Histologic findings demonstrated the development of a granulomatous, foreign body reaction around the musculo-scleral fixation suture, collagenization of the muscle tissue from the first postoperative month and degenerative phenomena in the muscle fibers. Electron transmission microscopic study showed atrophy and angulation with distortion of the myofibrillar matrix, along with alteration of the Z bands of muscle fibers, mitochondrial alteration, and dilatation of the sarcotubular system. All these experimental findings suggest the relative irreversible effects of the fadenoperation after the early postoperative period and for the first time, demonstrated that this surgical technique alters the muscle structure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model to explain the difference between changes in refraction and central ocular surface power after laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE: After refractive surgery, changes in central ocular surface power are usually less than actual changes in refraction. The aim of this paper was to examine the theoretical changes in the radius of the epithelial-stromal interface and corneal stromal refractive index which could take place to account for some of the empirical findings. METHODS: The parameters of an aspheric human eye model featuring gradient index optics was modified using data from a clinical study evaluating effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of moderate to high myopia. Computations were performed to determine: 1) theoretical postoperative radius of the epithelial-stromal interface and hence distribution of epithelial thickness, and 2) refractive index of the stroma when the epithelium was of fixed uniform thickness. RESULTS: Within the central 2-mm diameter refractive zone of the cornea after LASIK for myopia, either of two factors could account for the difference between changes in central ocular surface power and the actual change in ocular refraction: 1) a steepening of the epithelial-stromal interface resulting from a 400% centrifugal increase in epithelial thickness, or 2) a reduction in stromal refractive index from an average of 1.376 to 1.364. CONCLUSION: The difference between the observed changes in refraction and central ocular surface power could be explained by reduction in stromal refractive index and this could be secondary to a 6.5% increase in water content of the stroma during the postoperative period. The epithelial-stromal interface after LASIK is unlikely to steepen by the extent predicted by our model. This surface is not the source of the difference between the change in refraction and change in central ocular surface power.

Corneal Stroma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between anterior chamber depth, refractive state, corneal diameter, and axial length.

PURPOSE: Phakic intraocular lenses are being used increasingly to correct refractive errors. We studied the relationship between anterior chamber depth, refractive state of the eye, spherical equivalent refraction, axial length of the globe, corneal diameter, and keratometry. METHODS: Two hundred eleven eyes of 211 patients were enrolled. All eyes underwent the same protocol with a complete ocular examination that included slit-lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, objective and subjective refraction, calculation of the spherical equivalent refraction, corneal pachymetry, anterior chamber depth, axial length of the globe, and keratometry. All results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistics software. Correlations between different parameters were studied using the Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: The anterior chamber depth was found to correlate significantly with both the average corneal diameter and the axial length of the globe (0.744, 0.531, P < .01) and was also found to correlate through an inverse relation with both age and spherical equivalent refraction (-0.391, -0.623, P < .01). Corneal thickness and keratometric power did not correlate with the anterior chamber depth. CONCLUSION: Most parameters (axial length, corneal diameter, spherical equivalent refraction, patient age) affected anterior chamber depth and should be considered carefully when planning refractive procedures that employ phakic intraocular lenses.

Adolescent↗