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Biomedical subjects

J L Claghorn

Publications and source records attributed to J L Claghorn.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

How appropriate is a "medical model" in psychiatric practice?

The location of mental hospitals in rural settings made the psychiatrist a truly alienated person. His location remote from cities was also remote from rapid changes occurring in medical practice in other specialties. With the introduction of psychotropic drugs a chain reaction was set in motion which began with the rapid reduction of the state hospital populations and a stimulation of clinical research efforts. The clinical rating scales developed to measure change in drug treated patients, served the purpose of sharpening clinician's thinking about nosology and merged with other ongoing trends to increase the precision of diagnosis which has resulted in the implementation of newer more precise research diagnostic criteria and finally the introduction of the DSM-III. With the study of the physiological pharmacology of these drugs has come a series of findings that offer the potential for increasing diagnostic precision by identifying biological alterations which highly correlate with various psychiatric disorders. It is to an explanation of these trends that this conference is devoted.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1980

An overview of seventeen years of experience with dothiepin in the treatment of depression in Europe.

The European clinical experience with dothiepin since 1962 indicates that it is efficacious in the treatment of depression (neurotic, psychotic, and with concomitant anxiety) in dose of 75-200 mg/day. The side effects profile is similar to the tricyclic antidepressant drugs with significantly less anticholinergic side effects and cardiotoxicity then amitriptyline. The result of the current ongoing clinical trails in the United States with several hundred patients will more precisely define the efficacy, dosage and side effect profile of dothiepin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effects of response bias on sex differences in a psychiatric population.

A sample of 58 male and 84 female new admissions to a psychiatric facility was interviewed to identify sex differences in personal and social functioning. Female subjects were found to score significantly higher on intrapsychic distress scales while male subjects scored higher on scales measuring antisocial behavior. Using analysis of covariance, keeping the L- or Lie scale of the MMPI constant, all measures which had previously shown significant sex differences now became nonsignificant. This finding suggests that reported sex differences may be accounted for by response bias.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biological symptoms of depression.

Frequency of occurrence of various biological symptoms in relation to intensity of depression and neuroticism was studied in 37 depressed patients. The best indicator of depression severity and neuroticism were, respectively, early waking and excessive dreaming, when the symptoms were studied individually. A group of biological symptoms predicting the severity of depression was found via stepwise multiple regression analysis of variance. No such grouping was found for neuroticism. However, only neuroticism was found for neuroticism. However, only neuroticism was found to be a useful predictor of the biological symptoms when taken as a whole.

Depression↗
PubMed1979

Penfluridol: a long acting oral antipsychotic drug.

Penfluridol is a diphenylbutylpiperdine derivative with a half-life of sixty-six (66) hours. The present study was designed to determine its efficacy for the maintenance of schizophrenia. In a 52 week double-blind study, once weekly doses of penfluridol were compared with once daily doses of chlorpromazine in 56 schizophrenic patients receiving maintenance treatment on an outpatient basis. Both drugs were similar in their clinical effectiveness; no major side effects occurred with either drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Craving for alcohol in sober alcoholics.

The craving for alcohol experienced by 46 abstinent alcoholics was investigated with a structured interview, a personality inventory (the neuroticism Scale Questionnaire), and a mood state adjective checklist (Profile of Mood States). It was found that craving is a continuum, not an all-or-none phenomenon. The intensity of craving was positively correlated with the trait anxiety of the subject and inversely correlated with the duration of abstinence from alcohol. A large proportion of the craving was precipitated by environmental factors and relieved by psychological methods. A variety of mood changes accompanied carving. Only one mood state, anger-hostility, significantly differentiated subjects who experienced mild craving from those reporting severe craving.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Trends in hospital versus community treatment of mental illness: a Texas example.

The authors present statistics from Harris County, Tex., that indicate community psychiatry is making progress toward its goals of decreasing inpatient hospitalization and increasing services to the community. At the present ratio of services, a 30%-40% increase in outpatient services could theoretically eliminate the inpatient system. The authors stress the fact that inpatient facilities are still vital and offer directives for the future roles of the hospital and of community psychiatry.

Aftercare↗