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Biomedical subjects

J L Early

Publications and source records attributed to J L Early.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Sex-related differences in selenium-induced alterations in drug action in the rat.

Three days after pretreatment of rats of both sexes with sodium selenite (2.4 mg Se/kg, ip) the duration of pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was potentiated in males but not females. Similar treatment with selenium led to a significant inhibition of ethylmorphine demethylase activity by hepatic microsomal enzymes obtained from male but not female rats. Selenium treatment did not alter the activity of aniline hydroxylase in animals of either sex. These data show that there is a sex-related difference in the ability of selenium to alter drug response and hepatic drug metabolism, which is substrate-specific, in the rat.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1981

Interaction between selenium and phenobarbital on drug response and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in the male rat.

Pretreatment of male rats with phenobarbital markedly depressed the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis and stimulated the hepatic microsomal metabolism of ethylmorphine and aniline. Following selenium treatment there was a prolongation of pentobarbital hypnosis and an inhibition of metabolism of ethylmorphine with no effect on that of aniline. When phenobarbital and selenium were administered simultaneously, the opposing effects on the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis cancelled each other. With respect of hepatic metabolism, differential effects were observed with the inhibitory effect elicited by selenium on ethylmorphine metabolism being prevented by phenobarbital. However, selenium enhanced the stimulatory effect elicited by phenobarbital on aniline metabolism.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1978

Zinc-induced protection against cadmium alteration of drug action.

Pretreatment of male rats with cadmium acetate potentiates the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis and inhibits the rate of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. Pretreatment of rats with zinc acetate protects against these alterations in drug action elicited by cadmium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes, values, beliefs, and practices surrounding end-of-life care in selected Kansas communities.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to better meet end-of-life care needs for patients and their families in rural Kansas communities. METHODS: Initially, statistical information indicated an underutilization of hospice services in rural communities. To evaluate the data, focus groups were conducted in targeted communities in order to determine attitudes, values, beliefs, and practices surrounding end-of-life care. A script was developed using established focus group protocols. Each focus group was recorded and the tapes were transcribed. Transcripts were reviewed and categorized for similarities and emerging key issues. RESULTS: Five major areas of concern were identified using this methodology. Major concerns were: (1) participants believed that control over decisions about care at the end of life is the patient's right; (2) while participants saw a need for advance directives, they avoided using them; (3) group participants believed that the patient's wishes should be given first priority and this was viewed as a patient's right; (4) there was an expressed lack of trust in the existing health care system and its providers; and (5) participants expressed more fear over the manner of death than death itself. They fear a technological death as opposed to a good death. CONCLUSIONS: The values most important to the group participants included: freedom and independence, trust, honesty, the right to information, and the importance of family. This information will be utilized in the development of programs and interventions to effect changes in end-of-life care, not only in Kansas, but also in areas with a comparable population.

Adolescent↗