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Biomedical subjects

J L Fowler

Publications and source records attributed to J L Fowler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Attendance and outcome in a work site weight control program: processes and stages of change as process and predictor variables.

This naturalistic study assessed client changes during treatment and identified salient predictors of therapy attendance and outcome. Subjects were assessed on processes and stages of change, self-efficacy, social support, weight history (including expectations, goals, and reasons for losing weight), and demographics at the beginning, middle, and end of a 10-week, behaviorally oriented work site program for weight control. Significant shifts from contemplation to action occurred for clients remaining in treatment. There were also significant modifications in the use of change processes as a result of treatment: counterconditioning, contingency management, stimulus control, interpersonal control, and social liberation increased while medication use, wishful thinking, and minimizing threats decreased. Change processes employed during the early portion of the group treatment were the best predictors of treatment attendance and outcome, superior to self-efficacy, social support, weight history, and demographic variables. The results supported a transtheoretical model that emphasizes dynamic processes and stages as core dimensions for understanding how people change.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Osteochondritis dissecans of the lunate.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the lunate appears to be extremely rare. A case is reported with no predisposing abnormality and with no history of previous trauma. The problem was successfully managed by arthroscopic surgery.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1990

A review of fractures of the atlas vertebra.

From 48 consecutive cases of atlas fractures presenting over a 12.5-year period, two groups are apparent that differ in age, presentation, mechanism of injury, and treatment given. Jefferson fractures were, on average, 42 years of age. Displaced Jefferson fractures were treated by traction. At final review, those that had been reduced and those that were initially undisplaced did better than the displaced group. Inadequate reduction was often obtained due to insufficient traction. Patients sustaining a posterior arch fracture were generally more elderly and were, on average, 17 years older than those with a Jefferson fracture. Patients with a posterior arch fracture had marked degenerative changes in the mid- to distal cervical spine and almost invariably had another cervical spine fracture. Treatment was usually directed to the other cervical spine injury. Injury in the elderly usually followed low velocity trauma.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Experience with the Exeter total hip replacement since 1970.

The satisfactory long-term radiographic appearances with the use of the collarless, smooth, polished, tapered stem encourage its continued use. With the same stem geometry shortly to become available with interchangeable heads, the capacity for the surgeon to change the bearings when polythene wear starts to become marked should address what certainly will emerge as one of the major long-term problems of total hip arthroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Participant characteristics as predictors of attrition in worksite weight loss.

Attrition is a significant problem in worksite weight loss interventions, and differences in participants' motivational levels have been hypothesized to account for this high attrition rate. The present study examined characteristics of participants who completed a worksite weight loss program compared to those who dropped out, using a step-wise discriminant function analysis. The results indicate that a combination of motivational characteristics, expectations, and change in weight just prior to treatment significantly discriminated drop-outs from completers. The results of this investigation are discussed with respect to implications for developing cost-effective worksite treatment protocols and directions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cancer mortality in oil refinery workers.

The cancer mortality experience from 1964 to 1973 of employees of the Imperial Oil Limited was examined in a cohort study. Employees in jobs which exposed them on a daily basis to crude petroleum or its products, compared with nonexposed employees, were found to have more than three times the risk of esophageal and stomach cancer and about twice the risk of lung cancer. In the exposed group, increasing risks of both cancers occurred with increasing duration of employment. In the absence of more complete information on the similarity of the exposed and nonexposed employees, these results cannot be ascribed with certainty to a carcinogenic effect of petroleum. However, there was no other clear explanation for the results, and further study is required. When refinery workers were compared with nonrefinery workers without consideration of exposure to petroleum in either group, the refinery workers were found to have twice the risk of cancer of the intestines (including rectum) and other digestive organs. No relationship with duration of employment was evident. Although the increased intestinal cancer mortality in the refinery workers was not consistent, bias was not an obvious explanation for the observed relationship. Therefore, the presence on a refinery site of a carcinogen other than petroleum has not been ruled out, and further study is urged.

Adult↗