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Biomedical subjects

J L Gariepy

Publications and source records attributed to J L Gariepy.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Arteriovenous malformation of the mandible: embolization and direct injection therapy.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the mandible is a rare entity but one that can be potentially fatal as a result of massive hemorrhage. Traditional treatment involved extensive surgical resection of the mandible. With the advent of improved endovascular techniques, interventional radiology is now the best method to control active hemorrhage and ultimately cure these lesions. The authors describe three cases of successfully treated mandibular AVM by percutaneous and/or endovascular techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Maternal prenatal, postpartum, and concurrent stressors and temperament in 3-year-olds: a person and variable analysis.

The study was based on the assumption that stressors in the lives of pregnant and parenting women are processes that affect prenatal, postpartum, and concurrent maternal hormones and emotions and that these processes affect child temperament. The hypotheses were tested in a group of 67 young mothers and their 3-year-old children. Mothers were clustered into groups based on longitudinal patterns of hormones and emotions at prenatal, postpartum. and 3-year follow-up assessments. The analyses focused on relating maternal patterns of hormones and emotions to the child's temperament at age 3 years. Temperament was assessed by questionnaire and observation of behavior during a challenging situation. Illustrative findings included the following. Verbal aggression and nonverbal aggression were significantly higher in children of mothers in the low prenatal hormone cluster than children of mothers in the high prenatal hormone cluster. Children of mothers in the postpartum low testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and androstenedione (delta4-A) and medium cortisol (Cort) cluster (mainly low hormone cluster) exhibited significantly more physical aggression than children of mothers in the medium T and A4-A, high E2 and low Cort cluster. Maternal patterns of hormones, emotions, and parenting attitudes and practices were related to multiple aspects of temperament when the children were age 3 years. The findings support the important role of maternal biological and psychological processes in the development of child temperament.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Differences in NK cell function in mice bred for high and low aggression: genetic linkage between complex behavioral and immunological traits?

In previous studies, we found differences in cellular immune responsiveness in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice selectively bred for high and low levels of aggression. Compared to the high aggressive line, the low aggressive line had low levels of natural killer (NK) and T cell activity and increased susceptibility to tumor development. To dissect further this novel association, experiments were designed to test two competing hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that the phenotypic expression of the line differences in NK cell activity are dependent on and regulated by the expression of high and low levels aggressive behavior in the lines. The alternative hypothesis was that the differences in immune status are independent of the expression of aggression by the lines, suggesting linkage between a subset of genes involved in determining these complex behavioral and immunological traits or pleiotropic gene effects on both traits. In Experiment 1, three conditions of postweaning social experience (mice singly housed, group housed within line, or group housed between lines) were tested in males to determine whether experiential conditions which modify the expression of aggression would in turn modify the line differences in NK cell activity. This experiment revealed that the difference in NK cell activity between high aggressive and low aggressive male mice was attributable to line only. The different postweaning social conditions examined had no effect on modifying the differences in NK activity, and social dominance hierarchy did not correlate with levels of NK cell activity. Whereas males of the high and low lines exhibit differences in aggressive behaviors across most contexts, females do not exhibit such differences except in response to an intruder during the postpartum period. Therefore, in Experiment 2 we compared the NK cell activity of nulliparous females of the high and low aggressive lines. Under these conditions, females of the low aggressive line had low levels of NK activity compared to high aggressive females (differences comparable to those seen between males of the high and low lines). Taken together, these experiments lend support to the hypothesis that this association may be due to a genetic linkage between subsets of genes involved in determining these complex behavioral and immunological traits, or may possibly represent a fortuitous association which occurred during the selective breeding.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

Association of genetic differences in social behavior and cellular immune responsiveness: effects of social experience.

We have recently demonstrated that selective breeding of ICR mice for differences in social behavior (i.e., high versus low levels of social isolation-induced aggression) are related to increased susceptibility to tumor development and reduced levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity. In the present investigation, we sought to extend examination of the line differences in immune status to T and B cell responsiveness. In addition, we also sought to determine if social experience contributes to line differences in immune responsiveness. A cosibial design was used to examine whether single vs group housing modified the magnitude of line differences in immune status. Compared to aggressive (NC900) mice, nonaggressive (NC100) mice had significantly lower T cell proliferative responses to concanavalin A, lower IL-2 and gamma-interferon production, as well as significantly lower NK activity. Of the various measures of cellular immune responsiveness, housing condition was found to have a significant effect only on NK activity. No significant line by housing interactions were found for any of the immune measures tested. The present data demonstrate that the genetic selection for differences in social behavior is associated with line differences in several parameters of cellular immune responsiveness. These mouse lines provide a valuable research model to examine the association between selection for genetic differences in social behavior and differences in immune responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Genetic differences in social behavior: relation to natural killer cell function and susceptibility to tumor development.

The hypothesis that certain heritable personality traits would correlate with increased vulnerability to tumor development and reduced natural killer (NK) cell function was tested in mice selectively bred for high and low levels of aggression. This selection program produces a line of mice that fail to exhibit species typical, isolation-induced aggression, but appear socially inhibited in response to a novel partner mouse. All socially inhibited mice developed 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors compared with only 44% of the aggressive mice. Basal NK activity was also significantly lower among socially inhibited mice. Conversely, there were no line differences in NK activity between the aggressive line and nonselected, socially isolated mice, consistent with other unidirectional outcomes of this selective breeding program. No significant line differences were present for nonsocial measures of emotional reactivity (e.g., fearfulness) or serum corticosterone levels. These findings support the hypothesis that social "traits" may be related to immune function and tumor susceptibility.

Animals↗