Biomedical subjects

J L Howie

Publications and source records attributed to J L Howie.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1986

Cystic fibrosis: a comparison of computed tomography and plain chest radiographs.

In patients with cystic fibrosis, plain chest radiographs may suggest the presence of bronchiectasis, bronchoceles, hilar adenopathy, or pulmonary arterial hypertension. We compared computed tomography (CT) with conventional chest radiography in 12 patients. CT clearly reveals the cause of increased linear markings, nodular lesions, and enlarged hila as seen on plain chest radiographs. It showed that nine patients had hilar adenopathy, five had enlarged pulmonary arteries, and 11 had bronchiectasis. Bronchoceles, a finding that may influence therapy, were seen on seven CT scans but on only four of the plain films.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Computed tomography in osteochondritis dissecans of the patella.

Osteochondritis dissecans is a disorder which rarely involves the patella. It must be differentiated from chondromalacia, lateral marginal fracture due to direct injury, medial facet osteochondral fracture secondary to traumatic lateral dislocation and a dorsal defect of the patella. I report a patient in whom computed tomography (CT) helped confirm the diagnosis. Although usually diagnosable from plain films, in difficult patients CT should be considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

CT of osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck: the value of oblique reformatting.

An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone lesion which may involve the femoral neck. The lesions are distinctively osteoblastic, containing a central fibrovascular and osteoid nidus which often evokes substantial periosteal reaction occasionally making the diagnosis by conventional radiography very difficult. Computed tomographic evaluation of these lesions at other sites has been previously reported. I wish to emphasize the unique value of CT multiplanar reformatting in a patient with an osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the bony pelvis: a protocol for multiplanar imaging. Part I: Normal anatomy.

The normal gross and computed tomographic anatomy of the bony pelvis is briefly reviewed, with special reference to the bony masses of greatest concern to a surgeon. Normal transverse computed tomography (CT) images are shown. I describe a unique, comprehensive protocol for multiplanar CT reformation of the osseous pelvis. This algorithm provides "direct-view" images that are considerably more reliable than "mental reformatting" from transverse images alone. The procedure is of particular value in assessing fractures and dislocations occurring separately or together.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the bony pelvis: a protocol for multiplanar imaging. Part II: Trauma.

Fractures of the pelvis are frequently complex, and conventional radiography, including special views, may be inadequate for accurate diagnosis. One must ascertain the integrity of the anterior and posterior columns, hip joint spaces for debris, and the medial walls of the acetabula. Computed tomography (CT) is indicated early in management, whenever initial plain radiographs reveal complex or questionable fractures of any of these structures. I have developed a unique, multiplanar reformatting protocol using oblique reformations of transverse CT images. This allows clear spatial perception of the nature and extent of pelvic fractures. Twelve selected patients with complex pelvic fractures, as determined by conventional and special radiographs, underwent transaxial and multiplanar CT scanning according to the devised protocol, using transverse CT and multiplanar reformation of the pelvis. The planes of reformation are illustrated by drawings, and multiplanar radiographs demonstrate the injuries. Nine of the 12 patients had additional injuries revealed, over and above the abnormalities shown by CT, by the use of the reformatting technique I describe. Also fractures or fracture dislocations of the sacroiliac joints were diagnosed in four of the 12 patients using CT but in six patients when reformatted images were examined.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1984

Normal mediastinal lymph node size and number: CT and anatomic study.

Normal lymph nodes were studied retrospectively by computed tomography (CT) in 39 patients and by dissection at autopsy in 12 cadavers. The mediastinum was divided arbitrarily into four zones relating to the left innominate vein (zone 1), pretracheal space (zone 2), precarinal/subcarinal compartment (zone 3), and aorticopulmonary window (zone 4). Of 225 lymph nodes from all zones in the CT study, 99% measured less than 16 mm in largest diameter. The average lymph node size in the four zones in the cadavers was 12.6 X 8.3 mm (length X width). Using contiguous 10-mm CT scans, lymph nodes were detected in 65%-95% of patients, depending on the zone studied. The mean number of lymph nodes on a representative section was 1.1 (range, 0-6); 72.4% of CT patients showed one to three lymph nodes per zone. There was a significant size difference (p less than 0.001) between lymph nodes residing in the superior mediastinum compared with those in the middle mediastinum contiguous to the carina. Thus, only 7% of lymph nodes in zone 1 were larger than 5 mm, whereas 90% and 67% of lymph nodes in zones 3 and 4, respectively, were larger, in the 6-10 mm range.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Computed tomography versus myelography in diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.

Analysis of computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine and myelography in 48 of 52 consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of disc herniation, confirmed at surgery, showed CT to be superior to myelography in diagnosis. We suggest that CT should replace myelography in assessing most patients with possible disc herniation.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1980

CT evaluation of infantile polycystic disease.

The computed tomography findings (CT) in infantile polycystic disease are described in a patient presenting with portal hypertension. The unique role of CT evaluation of these patients is discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1980

Postcricoid pseudotumor.

Normal anatomic structures may cause filling defects in the anterior wall of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus on an esophagogram, suggestive of a mass lesion. I have called this finding postcricoid pseudotumor, to emphasize the ease with which it may misleadingly simulate a tumor mass.

Adolescent↗