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Biomedical subjects

J L Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J L Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in L-tryptophan-exposed patients.

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, the risk factors associated with the syndrome, and the clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use in an exposed population. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort and nested case-control studies of risk factors for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome using inpatient and outpatient chart reviews, telephone interviews, and in-person patient interviews. Descriptive study of clinical course of L-tryptophan users. SETTING: Office practice of one psychiatrist based in a small city (population 43,467) in South Carolina. PATIENTS: Eligible subjects were all patients from the practice who used L-tryptophan during the 1989 study interval. Of these, 418 (87%) were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use, including definite and possible cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. RESULTS: Among the 418 interviewed L-tryptophan users, we identified 47 definite cases (11%) and 68 possible cases (16%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, most of which involved patients who were using one retail brand of L-tryptophan (brand A). Among the 157 brand A users, we identified 45 definite cases (29%) and 36 possible cases (23%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and the risk for the syndrome increased as the brand A dose increased. Fifty percent (19 of 38) of those using more than 4000 mg/day developed definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and 84% (32 of 38) developed either definite or possible eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. On multivariate analysis, risk for definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome was associated with brand A dose and age of the patient; however, gender, race, and use of other medications were not associated with the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that many people exposed to the agent causing eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome may develop illness, and dose of presumably contaminated L-tryptophan is the single most important predictor of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. The broad range of signs and symptoms reported by patients using L-tryptophan illustrates that a strict case definition may identify only about half of those affected.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Alteration of stromal protein and integrin expression in breast--a marker of premalignant change?

Interactions between epithelia and the extracellular matrix are important in the modulation of cellular growth, differentiation, and motility. To investigate the possible roles of these interactions in the neoplastic process, this study examines the expression of the integrin subunits a2, a6, beta 1, and beta 4 and the stromal protein tenascin in 53 breast carcinomas, non-involved breast tissue from 21 of these cases, and 32 normal/benign cases. Frozen tissue and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used throughout. Linear staining in relation to the basement membrane was seen for all integrins in the normal/benign cases. The carcinomas showed complete loss of reactivity in 65 per cent of cases for a2, 80 per cent for a6 and beta 4, and 90 per cent for beta 1. Those showing reactivity displayed a diffuse cytoplasmic type of staining. The non-involved breast tissue showed linear basement membrane type staining with a2 and beta 1, but for a6 and beta 4 66 per cent of cases displayed reactivity identical to that of the corresponding tumour. For tenascin, band-like staining around ducts was seen in normal/benign cases, with a diffuse coarse reactivity in all carcinomas. Most non-involved cases stained as for normal breast. The altered a6 beta 4 integrin staining in non-involved tissue in cancerous breast may be an early event in the neoplastic process, and as such, may be of use as a marker of pre-malignant change.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Interferon-gamma regulation of C3 gene expression in human astroglioma cells.

In this report, we show that the human astroglioma cell line, D54-MG, constitutively expresses C3 mRNA and secretes antigenically detectable C3 protein. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhances C3 mRNA and protein expression by D54-MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. C3 mRNA from both D54-MG cells and primary human adult astrocytes has the same apparent size (5.1-5.2 kb) as C3 mRNA from hepatocyte and monocyte cell lines. Constitutive C3 mRNA levels in D54-MG cells and primary human astrocytes are comparable. Primary rat astrocytes also constitutively express C3 mRNA, which is enhanced upon exposure to IFN-gamma. These data are novel since expression of C3 in other cell types is refractory to IFN-gamma. In the central nervous system (CNS), endogenous complement production by astrocytes, and enhancement by the cytokine IFN-gamma, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1992

Physician and infection control practitioner HIV/AIDS reporting characteristics.

We surveyed a random sample of South Carolina physicians and infection control practitioners about the reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. Of physicians surveyed, 79% indicated that HIV infection as well as AIDS should be reported by name. The following characteristics were associated with those physicians who do not report AIDS cases: not feeling responsible for reporting, not reporting a case perceived to have been reported in another state, believing that information required for reporting is not on the chart, and residing in an urban setting. Targeted education can address these underreporting factors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Therefore be it resolved: 25 years of Delegate Assembly/Representative Assembly legislation.

In 1965, the power to legislate the affairs of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) passed from the Board of Management to the newly created Delegate Assembly. AOTA's progress in the 25-year period from 1965 to 1990 can be traced by studying the resolutions deliberated upon by that Assembly and its successor, the Representative Assembly. Of interest historically are not only the resolutions passed, but those defeated as well, because all indicate concern for the issues of the times in which the resolutions originated. This paper discusses certain trends that became evident, such as health care legislation concerns, strategic planning, the position of the certified occupational therapy assistant in AOTA, standards in practice and research, and advanced education. It emphasizes such issues as membership fees, continuing competency and continuing education, recruitment and personnel, and specialization.

Constitution and Bylaws↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in South Carolina, 1985-1990.

By analyzing three different sources of data including DHEC reported cases, hospital discharge data, and death certificates, our study reveals that RMSF is endemic in South Carolina particularly in the Piedmont area and that underreporting of RMSF in South Carolina is likely. The incidence and case fatality rates of RMSF derived from hospital discharge data are higher than these rates derived from cases reported to DHEC. Physicians should be aware of the endemicity of RMSF in South Carolina and should include it in the differential diagnosis of any case of fever of unknown origin especially during the spring and summer seasons regardless of the history of a tick bite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

In vitro modulation of cellular localization of milk fat globule membrane antigens in human breast carcinomas.

Alterations in the cellular localization of cell surface components such as the milk fat globule membrane are a common feature of breast carcinomas and relate to the differentiation of a tumour. This study has examined the potential modulation of such components. A group of carcinomas were cultured with and without insulin and/or hydrocortisone and the site of staining for milk fat globule membrane, as detected by the antibodies HMFG 1, HMFG 2, and NCRC 11, was assessed using light microscopic and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Modulation of localization, with a shift from cytoplasmic vesicle labelling to submembraneous vesicles/cell surface labelling and intracytoplasmic luminal labelling, was observed in 5 of 14 moderately differentiated and 8 of 11 poorly differentiated carcinomas. Two well differentiated carcinomas continued to show peripheral labelling; three poorly differentiated carcinomas showed no change from cytoplasmic labelling only; and the other carcinomas exhibited heterogeneous localization, making any change difficult to assess. Insulin was required for any change to be observed and it is suggested that this has an effect on the mechanisms for intracellular transport of membrane and secretory proteins.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

HIV-related characteristics of migrant workers in rural South Carolina.

After finding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a migrant worker named as a syphilis contact, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control offered HIV counseling and testing and syphilis screening to migrant workers in the surrounding two-county area. In addition, a brief questionnaire was administered to document demographics and risk behavior. Of the 265 workers aged 16 and older in 15 migrant camps, 198 (75%) consented to the survey and testing. Of the 198 tested, 85% were male and 75% single. The median age was 39, with a range of 16 to 69 years. Twenty-five (13%) were HIV antibody positive, and 32 (16%) had reactive serologic tests for syphilis. Of the 166 workers who reported the frequency of condom use, 77 (46%) indicated they never use condoms. We conclude that there is a relatively high rate of HIV infection in these rural South Carolina migrant workers, whose behavior puts them at risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Conditioning prepulse of biphasic defibrillator waveforms enhances refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts.

The mechanism of biphasic waveform defibrillation threshold reduction is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during refractory period stimulation, sarcolemmal hyperpolarization by the first pulse of biphasic waveforms facilitates excitation channel recovery, which enhances graded responses produced by the second depolarizing pulse. This prolongs cellular refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts when compared with a monophasic depolarizing stimulus. Monophasic (10 msec, rectangular wave) or symmetrical biphasic (10 msec, each pulse) current injection S2 stimuli at 1.5 and two times S1 threshold were used to scan the S1 action potential refractory period (S1 cycle length, 600 msec) in myocardial cell aggregates. S2 waveforms were delivered with normal and reversed polarity to test the hyperpolarizing action of biphasic waveforms. Responses to an S3 stimulus, which simulated a potential incoming fibrillation wavefront, were also determined. Results showed that biphasic S2 waveforms produced longer graded responses during and immediately after the S1 refractory period than did corresponding monophasic S2 waveforms. The maximum difference in response duration produced by the biphasic and monophasic waveforms was 58.6 +/- 10.0 msec (p less than 0.001). This maximum difference occurred 10 msec before the end of the S1 refractory period. The longer response durations produced by biphasic S2 also produced longer refractoriness to the S3 stimulus. The maximum difference in total refractoriness to S3 of 51.8 +/- 2.8 msec (p less than 0.002) occurred at the same S1S2 coupling interval as the maximum difference in S2 response duration. Prolonged refractoriness may protect ventricular cells from refibrillation wavefronts and act as the cellular basis for greater biphasic waveform defibrillation efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Human exposure to rabies from pet wild raccoons in South Carolina and West Virginia, 1987 through 1988.

During 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in South Carolina and West Virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. All eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. The direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23,714 ($527 per person). Regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lyme disease in South Carolina.

Lyme disease is present in South Carolina, though not as prevalent as in many other states in the country. The characteristics of South Carolina cases are similar to those of the nation as a whole. The tick vector of Lyme disease in the Southeast is not clearly established, but is thought to be Ixodes scapularis. Questions remain concerning the prevalence of infection in local ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi, and the risk to a person bitten by a tick in South Carolina.

Adolescent↗