PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Monahan

Publications and source records attributed to J L Monahan.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Subliminal mere exposure: specific, general, and diffuse effects.

The present research examined the possibility that repeated exposure may simultaneously produce specific and diffuse effects. In Study 1, participants were presented with 5-ms exposures of 25 stimuli each shown once (single-exposure condition) or with five repetitions of 5 stimuli (repeated-exposure condition). Participants in the repeated-exposure condition subsequently rated their own mood more positively than those in the single-exposure condition. Study 2 examined whether affect generated by subliminal repeated exposures transfers to unrelated stimuli. After a subliminal exposure phase, affective reactions to previously exposed stimuli, to new but similar stimuli, and to stimuli from a different category were obtained. Previously exposed stimuli were rated most positively and novel different stimuli least positively. All stimuli were rated more positively in the repeated-exposure condition than in the single-exposure condition. These findings suggest that affect generated by subliminal repeated exposure is sufficiently diffuse to influence ratings of unrelated stimuli and mood.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Additivity of nonconscious affect: combined effects of priming and exposure.

Affect deriving from 2 independent sources--repeated exposure and affective priming--was induced, and the combined effects were examined. In each of 4 studies, participants were first shown 72 Chinese ideographs in which the frequency of exposure was varied (0, 1, or 3). In the second phase participants rated ideographs that were primed either positively, negatively, or not at all. The 4 studies were identical except that the exposure duration--suboptimal (4 ms) or optimal (1 s)--of both the initial exposure phase and the subsequent priming phase was orthogonally varied. Additivity of affect was obtained only when affective priming was suboptimal, suggesting that nonconscious affect is diffuse. Affect whose source was apparent was more constrained. Interestingly, increases in liking generated through repeated exposures did not differ as a function of exposure duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The role of linking agents in the diffusion of health promotion programs.

This article examines the role of state health department dental offices as linking agents in the diffusion of an effective preventive health program, the fluoride mouthrinse program (FMRP) in public schools. The aim of this program is to prevent dental caries by a weekly mouthrinsing by elementary school students. In contrast to the traditional focus of diffusion research on characteristics of the innovation and characteristics of the adopter, this study emphasizes an ecological approach, i.e., the transmittal mechanisms for diffusion. The state dental offices are examined as linking agents, which serve as program advocates or champions for diffusing the FMRP from the national level, where it was developed, to the thousands of local school districts and schools for adoption and continued delivery. Using data from interviews with state dental directors and archival sources, a multivariate model was developed and used to explain the percent of a state's elementary schools using the mouthrinse program. The results support the key role of linking agents in disseminating effective health promotion programs into actual use. Implications are discussed for both research and practice.

Dental Caries↗