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J L Penner

Publications and source records attributed to J L Penner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Characterization of endemic Providencia stuartii isolates from patients with urinary devices.

Providencia stuartii has emerged as a significant nosocomial urinary tract pathogen. An increase in the number of Providencia isolates from urine cultures prompted an investigation into the possibility of an outbreak due to this organism. A high proportion of patients studied had urinary devices. Four wards were screened at two time periods to ascertain the prevalence of Providencia stuartii in urine cultures. Biotype, serotype, antibiogram and plasmid content were determined for each Providencia isolate. Of 129 patients initially sampled 22.5% were found to harbor Providencia stuartii. Biotyping, serotyping and antibiograms indicated an epidemic strain was not present. Similar results were obtained when the wards were screened a second time, with 25.4% of urine cultures found to contain Providencia stuartii. By plasmid analysis the isolates could be grouped into one of ten profiles. A correlation could be made between urease activity and the presence of a large plasmid. No association however could be made between a particular plasmid profile and antibiogram. The data indicate that an epidemic strain of Providencia stuartii was not present. The source(s) of the endemic Providencia stuartii strains remain unknown.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1984

Detection of lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels by transfer to nitrocellulose followed by immunoautoradiography with antibody and 125I-protein A: "LPS blotting".

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which constitute the somatic (O) antigen of gram-negative bacteria, were used to demonstrate the procedure of LPS blotting involving the electrophoretic transfer of electrophoretically resolved LPS from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose filters. Immobilized LPS could then be immunoautoradiographically visualized in situ by reaction with specific anti-LPS antibody and subsequent binding of radioiodinated Staphylococcus protein A. LPS blotting is expected to provide an efficient and specific means of investigating the LPS (O) antigens of gram-negative bacteria.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Investigation of a Campylobacter jejuni outbreak by serotyping and chromosomal restriction endonuclease analysis.

Fifty Campylobacter jejuni isolates, including 29 from humans associated with an outbreak of enteritis, 20 from cattle, and 1 from a milk source, were serotyped on the basis of extractable thermostable antigens and examined by bacterial chromosomal restriction endonuclease digest analysis. Serotyping showed specific differences between the human isolates and the milk isolates, but each of these generally, although not consistently, reacted with 4 of the 42 C. jejuni typing antisera. Restriction patterns of all of the human isolates and some of the cattle isolates were indistinguishable, confirming the suspected link between the cattle and the human outbreak. The single milk isolate had a restriction pattern unlike those of the human isolates, and therefore its involvement in the transmission of infection from the cattle to the humans could not be confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pulmonary disposition of moxalactam.

Moxalactam is a new synthetic oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It has proven clinical efficacy in pneumonia caused by a variety of infecting organisms. Therapeutic concentrations of moxalactam are achieved in most body tissues and fluids, including pleural fluid and sputum. However, assessment of the adequacy of lung tissue levels in pneumonia requires the sampling of material at an alveolar level. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 13 patients one hour after they had been given moxalactam intravenously in doses ranging from 250 mg to 2 g. Absolute alveolar drug levels ranged from less than 1 to 6 micrograms/ml, and serum levels from 8 to 50 micrograms/ml. When expressed per micromole of creatinine, there was a significant relationship (r = 0.85; p less than 0.01) between serum and alveolar moxalactam levels in those patients in whom the drug concentration could be quantified accurately in BAL fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Water-borne outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis.

An outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 234 pupils and 23 staff at a boarding school occurred over a period of 8 weeks. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from pupils and staff, and from two samples of cold water taken from an open-topped storage tank which supplied predominantly unchlorinated water to the main school building. The two isolates from water were of the same serotype. This serotype was the commonest of the three serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni detected in isolates from pupils and staff. There was a highly significant association between consumption of water from the cold water storage tank and reported illness in staff. Attack rates in pupils corresponded closely with the extent of distribution of this water-supply to the main residential houses. Contamination of water by faecal material from birds or bats was the most likely source of infection.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1983

Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on the basis of thermostable antigens.

Hippurate hydrolysis tests performed on the serotype reference strains of the serotyping scheme based on thermostable antigens under development for Campylobacter jejuni showed that 42 strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 17 were Campylobacter coli. Moreover, only four (0.2%) of 2025 hippurate positive Campylobacter jejuni isolates reacted in Campylobacter coli antisera and 12 (4.3%) of the 282 Campylobacter coli reacted in Campylobacter jejuni antisera. Evidently each species has its own array of antigenic specificities. Separate schemes for serotyping Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are advocated.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

The serotype and biotype distribution of clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli over a three-year period.

Two hundred eighty-five isolates of Campylobacter jejuni-Campylobacter coli from children with gastroenteritis at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) over a three-year period were biotyped by the hippurate hydrolysis test and serotyped on the basis of thermostable, soluble antigens by the passive hemagglutination technique. Hippurate-negative strains (C. coli) were only 3.2% of the isolates. Ninety-seven percent of the isolates were serotypable with 55 antisera. About half of the strains belonged to one of four serotypes (2, 4, 3, or 1); about three-quarters belonged to one of 10 serotypes. Serotype 2 was consistently the commonest serotype in each of the three years of the study, accounting for 15%-20% of all isolates tested.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1983

Occurrence of plasmid DNA in serologically defined strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Forty Campylobacter jejuni and 17 Campylobacter coli strains that constitute the set of reference strains for our serotyping scheme were each examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline-extracted DNA showed the occurrence of 29 bands in 11 C. jejuni strains and 40 bands in C. coli strains. Plasmids ranged in size from 1.6 to 70 megadaltons. Most strains that carried plasmids had between 2 and 6 of them; however, one strain had 14 plasmids, and two strains contained only 1 plasmid each. Repeated electrophoresis demonstrated that all plasmid profiles were stable. A different plasmid profile was seen for each of the 19 plasmid-carrying strains, but it was clear that plasmids of the same or similar molecular weight could be found in different strains. On the basis of these findings, we are persuaded that plasmid profiles determined by a rapid procedure for DNA extraction will play a significant role in resolving complexities among strains that are difficult to serotype and could be useful in epidemiological studies in which the implicated isolates are plasmid bearers.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1983

Serious nosocomial infection caused by Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis in a cardiac surgery unit.

In July and August 1981, five patients in the cardiac surgery unit of the Bristol Royal Infirmary developed septicemia caused by Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, or both of these species. Three of the patients had serious wound infections, and three of the patients died. Typing of the M. morganii isolates by O-serotyping and of the P. mirabilis isolates by O-serotyping, proticine production and sensitivity, and the Dienes reaction confirmed cross infection by both species. Although M. morganii has been regarded as a relatively unimportant human pathogen in the past, it may prove to be an important cause of nosocomial infection in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli serotypes isolated from chickens, cattle, and pigs.

A total of 191 Campylobacter jejuni and 125 Campylobacter coli were isolated from the intestinal content of 398 chickens, 421 cattle, and 203 pigs. All 108 chicken isolates and 73 of 80 cattle isolates were C. jejuni, but 115 of the 118 pig isolates were C. coli. A total of 84% of the C. jejuni and 64% of the C. coli isolates were typed on the basis of thermostable antigens with 20 antisera prepared against frequently occurring serotypes in Campylobacter enteritis in man (15 C. jejuni, 6 C. coli serotypes). A total of 96% of the chicken isolates and 67% of the cattle isolates belonged to 11 C. jejuni serotypes that occur most frequently in human cases of enteritis (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13/16, 18, 21, 23, 31, and 36). Serotype 8, a relatively common human isolate, was not recovered. The C. coli isolates from pigs belonged to serotypes uncommon among human isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of an expanded direct fluorescent-antibody system with an established passive hemagglutination system for serogrouping strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Rabbits were inoculated with whole, formalinized cells from eight passive hemagglutination reference strains of Campylobacter. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immunoglobulin G from these antisera defined seven new direct fluorescent-antibody serogroups of C. jejuni and one new serogroup of C. coli. This expanded the Campylobacter direct fluorescent antibody system to include 17 serogroups of C. jejuni, 3 serogroups of C. coli, and 2 serogroups of C. fetus. We then compared the passive hemagglutination method (57 serotypes) and the direct fluorescent-antibody method (20 serogroups) for typing strains of C. jejuni and C. coli. The data obtained by testing 101 strains by both methods revealed that the two test systems were measuring completely different sets of antigen complexes. The two serogrouping methods were complementary, and their combined use discriminated among strains more effectively than did either method individually.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1983

Investigation of a waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis with a serotyping scheme based on thermostable antigens.

Serotyping of 11 human and 2 water isolates of Campylobacter jejuni associated with a waterborne outbreak revealed two serotypes among the human isolates. One of these (serotype 58) was a new serotype and was added to the serotyping scheme. Serotypes were defined by using extracted thermostable antigens and passive hemagglutination titrations of both unabsorbed and cross-absorbed antisera. Two water isolates of the same serotype as six human isolates provided evidence to link a contaminated water supply to the outbreak.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Species differences in susceptibilities of Proteeae spp. to six cephalosporins and three aminoglycosides.

Six cephalosporins and three aminoglycosides were examined for activity against 1,693 isolates belonging to six species of Proteeae. The most notable species-specific differences included the marked susceptibility of Providencia alcalifaciens and Proteus mirabilis to cephalothin, the resistance of Proteus vulgaris to cefamandole, and the resistance of Providencia stuartii to gentamicin and tobramycin. The third-generation cephalosporins cefotaxime and moxalactam were substantially more inhibitory than were cefoperazone, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. P. stuartii, generally the most resistant species, was, however, markedly susceptible to moxalactam and cefotaxime.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks in British Columbia.

Campylobacter jejuni from sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis were serotyped on the basis of heat-extracted soluble thermostable antigens identified with the use of the passive hemagglutination technique. A total of 168 isolates were separated into 45 different types. The largest proportion of the isolates fell into three serotypes, each with 11 to 12.5% of the total number. Three less frequently occurring serotypes each included approximately 5%, and the remaining 50% of the isolates were distributed among 39 other serotypes. In most cases, serotyping demonstrated that epidemiologically linked isolates were of the same serotype, but the outbreak strains could belong either to frequently or to infrequently isolated serotypes. The high correlation between clinical findings and serotyping results confirmed the applicability of the serotyping scheme in epidemiological investigations of C. jejuni infections.

British Columbia↗