PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Rapoport

Publications and source records attributed to J L Rapoport.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A 2-year prospective follow-up study of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Prediction by cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and autonomic measures?

A 2-year prospective follow-up study of 100% (N = 29) of a sample of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders found that the baseline lumbar cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentration and autonomic nervous system activity predicted some subsequent outcomes. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration significantly predicted severity of physical aggression during follow-up. The skin conductance level significantly predicted institutionalization. Correlations were in predicted directions with lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and autonomic activity correlated with poor outcome. Moreover, in multivariate analyses, which included nonlaboratory measures as predictors, cerebrospinal fluid and autonomic measures still contributed significantly to the prediction. However, hypothesized predictions of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations for suicide attempts and of low autonomic nervous system activity for arrests were not supported thus far. Patients are still at risk; consequently, these results must be considered preliminary. Nonetheless, the results suggest that further investigation of relationships between biological factors and outcome of children with disruptive behavior disorders is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Drug treatment of canine acral lick. An animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Canine acral lick dermatitis is a naturally occurring disorder in which excessive licking of paws or flank can produce ulcers and infection that require medical treatment. Forty-two dogs with severe chronic canine acral lick dermatitis were treated in three double-blind crossover comparisons of clomipramine hydrochloride/desipramine hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride/fenfluramine hydrochloride, and sertraline hydrochloride/placebo. The serotonin uptake blocking drugs were clinically effective, while the other drugs were not. Based on phenomenology and pharmacological response, we propose canine acral lick dermatitis as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1979

Effect of imipramine on norepinephrine and blood pressure in enuretic boys.

The effect of imipramine, desmethylimipramine, and methscopolamine on blood pressure (BP) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) was measured in enuretic boys in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Measurements were obtained on the thirteenth day of medication (75 mg at bedtime). The tricyclic drugs induced a rise in diastolic BP as well as an increase in plasma NE but there was no significant relationshhip between the increments in plasma NE and BP. The plasma concentration of drug correlated with the drug-induced BP rise. This is the fifth study to demonstrate a hypertensive effect of tricyclic drugs in children in contrast to the systolic hypotension usually seen in adult patients. It is not clear from our data whether children have different cardiovascular compensatory reflexes or whether they experience a greater stimulant effect from the drug.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1978

Dextroamphetamine: cognitive and behavioral effects in normal prepubertal boys.

The behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological effect of a single dose of dextroamphetamine (0.5 milligram per kilogram of body weight) or placebo was examined in 14 normal prepubertal boys (mean age, 10 years 11 months) in a double-blind study. When amphetamine was given, the group showed a marked decrease in motor activity and reaction time and improved performance on cognitive tests. The similarity of the response observed in normal children to that reported in children with "hyperactivity" or minimal brain dysfunction casts doubt on pathophysiological models of minimal brain dysfunction which assume that children with this syndrome have a clinically specific or "paradoxical" response to stimulants.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1978

Urinary catecholamines and amphetamine excretion in hyperactive and normal boys.

Urinary catecholamines and metabolites and urinary amphetamine excretion were examined for hyperactive and normal boys following a single dose of dextroamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) and placebo. Hyperactive children showed a significantly faster rate of excretion of amphetamine which could not be accounted for by previous exposure to drug or by signs of neurological involvement. Urinary norepinephrine (NE) was significantly higher for hyperactive than for normal children, but NE excretion did not correlate with motor activity or any measures of arousal. The single dose of amphetamine produced a significant rise in urinary epinephrine excretion (EP) for the normal children but not for the hyperactive group, supporting the notion of a more sluggish catecholamine response to stimulants for hyperkinetic children.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1977

Newborn dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, minor physical anomalies, and infant temperament.

The authors examined newborn anomaly scores for 193 normal infants in relation to obstetrical history, newborn dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and 5-month (N=185) and 1-year (N=123) infant behavior, determined by a questionnaire completed by their mothers. There was no significant relationship between anomaly score and obstetrical history or 5-month infant temperament; low significant correlations were found between newborn DBH and 1) infant irritability and unsociable response and 2) 1-year anomaly scores and reported activity levels. The authors discuss the possible importance of these findings.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1976

A 2-year follow-up of 72 hyperactive boys. Classroom behavior and peer acceptance.

A 2-year, prospective follow-up of 72 hyperactive boys (94 per cent of the initial sample) examined classroom and home behavior, academic achievement, peer status, and depressive symptomatology for patients and a matched control group. Sixty-five per cent of the sample was still on medication at follow-up. The patient group continued to manifest behavioral and academic difficulty. Off-drug classroom behavior showed considerable stability from baseline to 2-year follow-up which did not appear to be significantly influenced by change of school or interim stimulant drug treatment. Academic difficulties, low peer status, and depressive symptoms exceeded that of the control group. Low peer status at 2 years were predicted for the patient group by baseline (but not current) classroom hyperactivity. The continued difficulties for this middle-class sample, in spite of faithful stimulant drug intake, ancillary educational and psychiatric support, are disappointing. However, as no untreated comparison group was available, the relative benefit of continued drug treatment could not be directly examined. Some indirect evidence, however, indicates that although drugs may continue to have a suppressant effect on impulsive and hyperactive behavior, peer status and academic achievement may not be improved. An "optimally medicated" group (86 per cent of responders from an initially randomly assigned group) had almost identical academic achievement and social acceptance as did a group of dropouts from drug treatment, or the sample as a whole.

Child↗
PubMed1976

ACTH4-10: cognitive and behavioral effects in hyperactive, learning-disabled children.

A single dose of 30 mg i.m. ACTH4-10 or placebo was given to a sample of 20 hyperactive, learning-disabled children. No significant drug effects were obtained on measures of visual and auditory memory, new learning, impulsivity, attention, perceptual motor skills, anxiety, or behavior during testing. There was a slight increase in pulse rate for drug compared with the placebo group. These findings are in keepeing witth other recent reports of limited or insignificant cognitive effects in adults of a single dose of this peptide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Minor physical anomalies in normal, neurotic, learning disabled, and severely disturbed children.

A high incidence of minor physical anomalies in a childhood schizophrenic population has been previously reported by Goldfarb. In the present study, 108 boys from four different clinical populations were examined, utilizing a standardized anomaly scoring system for which a high interrater reliability was obtained. The patient populations were: general pediatric ward patients (n = 31), psychoneurotic outpatients at a university child guidance clinic (n = 26), learning diabled children (n = 23), and autistic, borderline, and atypical children (n = 28) from two residential treatment centers. Both the learning disabled and residential treatment populations had higher mean anomaly scores than did the first two groups, but did not differ significantly from each other. There was a trend for patients with multiple anomalies to have had more frequent history of prenatal insults or paternal psychopathology. These results indicate that the development of these minor anatomical anomalies which are formed in the first three months of fetal development may parallel early developmental deviation of the central nervous system. The finding of high anomalies in the residential treatment groups supports the idea that some of these patients share a common etiology with the other early developmental deviations, such as speech delay or mental retardation, for which high anomaly scores have also been reported.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

One-year follow-up of hyperactive boys treated with imipramine or methylphenidate.

The authors report on a one-year follow-up of 76 hyperactive boys who had participated in a comparative study of methylphenidate, imipramine, and placebo. They found that there was a higher rate of discontinuance of imipramine than of methylphenidate in this sample and that both medications decreased the boys' rate of weight gain but had no significant effect on growth in height. This findings is of concern because larger doses than were used in this study are in use elsewhere. Teachers reported that the group of boys who had discontinued either medications showed continued hyperactivity and behavior problems in the classroom at one year. The two treatment groups showed continued improvement at one year in classroom and home behavior and did not suffer significantly from each other.

Administration, Oral↗