PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Rhoads

Publications and source records attributed to J L Rhoads.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Safety and immunogenicity of multiple conventional immunizations administered during early HIV infection.

Twenty-one asymptomatic adults who had recently received multiple polysaccharide, live viral, and protein-derived vaccines were identified as being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mean subject age was 24 years (range 18-33); 20 of 21 (95%) were male. The mean T4 count was 523/mm3 with a mean T4/T8 ratio of 0.6. Serologic responses to immunization with meningococcus group C, adenovirus types 4 and 7, tetanus, and diphtheria were evaluated for the HIV seropositive subjects and were compared with the responses of similarly vaccinated age-, sex-, and race-matched HIV-seronegative controls. Significantly fewer (p less than 0.03) HIV subjects responded to meningococcus C (bactericidal antibody) and adenovirus 4 (neutralizing antibody) vaccines than did normals; the HIV-infected subjects who did respond produced functional antibody comparable to that of normals. Booster responses of HIV subjects to tetanus and diphtheria were comparable to those of normals. HIV-infected vaccine nonresponders did not differ from HIV-infected responders in total white blood cell, T4, T4/T8, total serum IgG, or delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reactivity. All HIV subjects had negative cultures for live vaccine viruses (rubella, measles, adenovirus, and poliovirus). Postimmunization, no clinically apparent adverse reactions to vaccination were detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immunologic parameters in early-stage HIV-seropositive subjects associated with vaccine responsiveness.

Twenty-one asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects and 20 HIV-seronegative controls were assessed for their serologic response to multiple live attenuated viral, protein (toxoid), and polysaccharide vaccine antigens. Extensive in vivo and in vitro immunologic evaluations were performed. Factors predictive of immunogen responsiveness by HIV-seropositive patients were found by correlating vaccine responses with results of T- and B-cell functional assays. Eleven HIV-seropositive patients (HIV nonresponsive-NR) responded to only one of three vaccines used for analysis (meningococcus, group C; adenovirus 4, 7; and diphtheria-tetanus) compared with the normals, of whom 100% responded to two or more of the same immunogens. Ten HIV-seropositive patients (HIV responsive-R) responded equivalently to normals. The HIV NR group had distinctive immunologic abnormalities predictive of their poor immunogen responsiveness. These included defects in the T-cell helper function despite normalization of T cell number and defective T-cell suppression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro (HIV NR, 30% suppression; HIV R, 73% suppression; and normals, 95% suppression of EBV-driven immunoglobulin production in vitro). The B cells of the HIV NR groups were also abnormal in vivo. The HIV NR patients' B cells were larger and had increased native response to B-cell growth factor evidenced by increased thymidine incorporation. (HIV-NR, 10,232 +/- 3,003 cpm; HIV R, 5,432 +/- 1,125; normal, 402 +/- 11. HIV NR/HIV R, p less than 0.05; HIV NR/N, p less than 0.001.)(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1987

Chronic vaginal candidiasis in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Twenty-four percent (7/29) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women seen at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 1983 and 1986 presented with a history of chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis. In addition to vaginal candidiasis, all patients were found to have oral thrush on physical examination, severe T-helper cell depletion (mean T-helper cell count of 90), and markedly decreased T4/T8 ratios (mean, 0.3); six of seven women were anergic by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. The conditions of six (86%) of these seven women have progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (WR6 classification). Chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis may be a presenting symptom of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Women with human immunodeficiency virus infection and unexplained oral and vaginal candidiasis are at high risk to develop other opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗