Causes of blindness as seen at Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J L Sangawe.
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A prospective study of 161 consecutive glaucoma patients conducted from June 1983 to May 1984 showed that 81 (50.3%) had unilateral glaucoma. The causes of the unilateral disease were primary open-angle glaucoma (38.3%) and secondary glaucoma (61.7%). During this year long study primary angle-closure glaucoma was not observed. The relatively frequent occurrence of unilateral primary open-angle glaucoma poses a riddle for which I have no explanation to offer.
Intracorneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus, both separately and together, produced corneal ulcer in rabbits without pretreatment of the eyes with steroids or antibiotics. Staphylococcus alone produced self-limiting ulcers. Aspergillus alone produced severe deep ulcers ending in perforations. Bacterial infection followed by introduction of fungus produced less severe ulcers than did fungus alone. Established fungal infection followed by super-imposed bacterial infection was the most severe of all. The organisms were demonstrable both in direct smear and by culture. Histopathology showed cellular infiltration by polymorphs and lymphocytes with the organisms in the corneal tissue. The pH of the eyes during the active ulcerative period remained acidic.
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Thirty four cases of vernal catarrh were treated with cryosurgery. During a mean follow up of 5 months this resulted in complete relief of symptoms and flattening of papillae in 94% of cases. Significant improvement in vision occurred in three out of six patients with decreased vision. Cryosurgery is recommended as a first line treatment for vernal catarrh.
A case of hydatid cyst of orbit is presented for the first time from Tanzania. The patient presented with unilateral proptosis. Hydatid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of all cases of unilateral proptosis and a Casoni test done as a routine to confirm or rule out such a possibility.
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