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Biomedical subjects

J L Speier

Publications and source records attributed to J L Speier.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiorespiratory responses to upper extremity aerobic training by postpolio subjects.

The cardiorespiratory responses of ten postpolio subjects participating in a 16-week upper extremity aerobic exercise program were compared to ten non-exercised controls. The subjects trained three times a week for 20 minutes per session. Exercise intensity was prescribed at 70% to 75% of heart rate reserve plus resting heart rate. Dependent variables were resting heart rate, maximal heart rate, resting and immediate-post-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressures, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, power, and exercise time. After training, the exercise group was superior to the control group in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, power, and exercise time. There was no reported loss of muscle strength. It was concluded that postpolio subjects can safely achieve an increase in aerobic capacity with a properly modified upper extremity exercise program. This improvement is comparable to that demonstrated by able-bodied adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of administration to mice of butylated hydroxyanisole by oral intubation on benzo[a]pyrene-induced pulmonary adenoma formation and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene.

Administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) by oral intubation 4 hours before challenge with benzo[a]pyrene (BP) inhibited the formation of pulmonary adenomas in A/HeJ mice. Incubation of BP with liver microsomes from mice that received BHA 2,4, or 8 hours before being killed resulted in less binding of BP metabolites to added DNA than occurred with control microsomes. High-pressure liquid chromatography studies of the BP metabolite pattern produced by the incubation of BP with liver microsomes from mice given BHA by oral intubation showed a decrease in formation of BP-4,5-oxide and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. In contrast, the formation of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]-pyrene was increased. The was increased. The short interval between the administration of BHA by oral intubation and the observed biochemical changes indicated that BHA could exert a direct effect on the microsomal metabolism of BP. These changes in metabolism of BP occurred under conditions of BHA administration that produced a decreased neoplastic response to this carcinogen.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Dietary constituents altering the responses to chemical carcinogens.

This paper deals with two categories of compounds having the capacity to inhibit the neoplastic effects of chemical carcinogens on the host. The first are inducers of increased microsomal mixed function oxidase activity. An increasing number of these inducers are being found in natural products. Cruciferous vegetables including brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower contain such compounds. Recently indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane have been identified as inducers in these three plants. Other naturally occurring inducers include flavones, safrole, isosafrole, beta-ionone, and oxidized sterols. Since previous work has shown that synthetic inducers may protect against chemical carcinogens, the composition of the diet could play a role in inhibiting the neoplastic response to these carcinogenic agents. The second category of inhibitors comprises the antioxidants. Several of these compounds have been found to inhibit the carcinogenic effects of a variety of chemical carcinogens. Considerable work of this nature has been done with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene two antioxidants extensively used as food additives. Other antioxidants having carcinogen inhibiting capacities include ethoxyquin, disulfiram, and dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alterations in microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in mice fed butylated hydroxyanisole.

The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by liver microsomes in female A/HeJ mice fed a control diet or a diet containing butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was studied. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (AHH) was not changed by BHA feeding. However, the measurement of other parameters demonstrated that BHA feeding altered the microsomal system metabolizing BP. Incubation of BP and calf thymus DNA with liver microsomes from BHA-fed mice showed about half the binding of BP metabolites to DNA as compared to that of controls. The AHH activity of mice fed BHA was much more sensitive to in vitro inhibition by alpha-naphthoflavone than that of controls. The amount of cytochrome P450 was increased per unit weight of microsomal protein and liver in mice fed BHA. The ethyl isocyanide binding spectra were measured to see if alterations of cytochrome P450 might be produced by BHA feeding. The maximum at 430 nm was the same in control and BHA-fed mice. However, the maximum at 455 nm was lower in BHA-fed mice than in controls, which indicated that BHA had caused some changes. The data showed that BHA feeding resulted in altered properties of liver microsomes, including a decrease in BP metabolite binding to DNA.

Animals↗