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Biomedical subjects

J L Venisse

Publications and source records attributed to J L Venisse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Predictive factors of social disability in anorexic and bulimic patients.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) would demonstrate more severe social disability than a control group; and whether social disability could be best explained as a function of the eating disorder itself or as a function of comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders. METHOD: Subjects were 166 AN subjects, 105 BN subjects and 271 control subjects matched for age, sex and socio-economic status. Prevalence of anxiety or depressive disorders was assessed (through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and social functioning was measured (through the Groningen scale). RESULTS: The majority of AN and BN subjects demonstrated social disability in the "social role" (leisure time, time spent with friends) and the "occupational role" (work or educational activities). A regression analysis was employed to uncover predictive factors of social disability. Eating disorders (AN and BN), anxiety disorders and depression accounted for a large portion of social disability. DISCUSSION: Anxiety and depressive disorders appear to play an important role in the type of social disability demonstrated in eating disorder patients. Therapeutic implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Factorial structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: confirmatory factorial analyses in nonclinical and clinical samples.

OBJECTIVE: The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) measures three intercorrelated dimensions of alexithymia: (1) difficulties identifying feelings (DIF), (2) difficulties describing feelings (DDF), and (3) externally oriented thinking (EOT). The aim of the study was to test the three-factor model of the TAS-20 using confirmatory factorial analyses (CFA). METHOD: 769 healthy subjects and 659 patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders or eating disorders completed the TAS-20. The correlation matrices for each of the samples were analyzed with LISREL 7.16. RESULTS: In each sample, the three-factor model was found to be replicable. CONCLUSION: The three TAS-20 subcales can be used to explore the distinct facets of the alexithymia construct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Psychoactive substance consumption in eating disorders.

Research investigating the comorbidity between eating disorders and substance-use disorders have reported positive but contrasting results. The aim of this study was to further explore this association by studying patterns of consumption of the entire range of psychoactive substances (alcohol, specific drugs, prescribed psychotropics) in a large sample (N=271) of eating-disorder DSM-IV subtypes. Results show that subjects suffering from anorexia of the restrictive type show significantly less drug-consumption behaviors and alcohol abuse and/or dependence disorders than purging anorexic and bulimic subjects. No difference was found in the total consumption of psychotropics among the four groups of eating disorders. However, more than half of eating-disorder subjects are regular consumers of psychotropics. Among these regular consumers, bulimics self-prescribe and increase their doses of psychotropics significantly more than anorexics. Features of impulsivity that are associated with purging and bulimic behaviors could play a specific role in these patterns of comorbidity and account for such differences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Factorial structure of the Sensation-Seeking Scale-Form V: confirmatory factorial analyses in nonclinical and clinical samples.

OBJECTIVE: The factor structure of the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS)-Form V was studied in 2 large French samples, using confirmatory factorial analyses (CFA) to test the 4-dimensional model of sensation seeking postulated by Zuckerman. METHOD: The study included 769 healthy subjects and 659 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders or eating disorders and completed the SSS. The correlation matrices for each of the samples were analyzed using CFA. RESULTS: In each sample, we found the 4-factor model to be replicable. CONCLUSION: The multidimensionality of sensation seeking is supported by the results, and the 4-dimensional model of sensation seeking identified by Zuckerman can be explored in French-speaking people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Psychoactive drug use in a declared non-addicted control sample and comorbidity. Results of a study in 860 French-speaking subjects].

AIMS: This study, conducted within the framework of a broader research program of the INSERM 494013 Dependence Network, was designed to estimate illicit drug use and tobacco smoking in a declared non-addicted sample and to determine whether illicit drug users differ from non-users in terms of comorbidity. METHODS: The study was conducted in an "all and sundry" sample of subjects. Patterns of drug use and comorbid factors (psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts, repeated accidents, social inadaptation) were assessed using a semi-structured interview (heteroevaluation, MINI DSM IV interview, Gröningen). RESULTS: Among 860 subjects, 107 (12.4%) used illicit drugs and 26 of these 107 (24.3%) were dependent users or abusers. Specific analysis of non-dependent non-abuser subjects who had used illicit drugs (70 occasional and 11 regular users) showed a higher rate of use in younger subjects (12.7% in the 15-24 year group, 5.7% in the 24-49 year group) and men. Except for repeated accidents (OR=5.5 [1.6-18.5]), comorbid disorders were not more frequent in non-users than in users. CONCLUSION: Besides use for recreational purposes, the rate of use of illicit drugs with abuse or dependence was high in our non-clinical sample. Although no specific comorbid psychiatric disorders were identified among non-dependent non-abuser subjects who had used illicit drugs, the frequency of repeated accidents evidenced the ill-fated side effects of illicit drugs and/or the specific biopsychological vulnerability of these subjects. This highlights the importance of not neglecting drug abuse.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

[Pertinence of the addiction concept in eating behavior disorders].

From a psychodynamic perspective, dependence disorders, irrespective of the object of addiction, can be seen as the expression of the subject's neurobiological, psychopathological, cultural and social vulnerability. Since vulnerability strengthens and reorganizes the personality, it can drive these subjects to perpetuate pathological behaviors. In this light, behavior disorders belong to the field of addiction diseases, especially considering that the underlying psychopathological structures are close to those observed in addiction, that depression plays a central role, and that their development into toxic addictive behavior (drugs, alcohol, psychotrope) is frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Follow-up of bone mineral density in 27 cases of anorexia nervosa.

Cortical and trabecular bone loss can lead to osteoporosis in chronic forms of anorexia nervosa (AN). As there is some debate about the reversibility of this condition, we performed a longitudinal follow-up study of 27 cases in which clinical, biological, X-ray and lumbar and femoral neck dual photon absorptiometry examinations were conducted every 6 months for up to 30 months. Three groups were distinguished: G1, untreated amenorrheic AN (N = 14, total follow-up 126 months); G2, effectively treated AN (N = 11, total follow-up 192 months), with two subgroups: fluoride (N = 5) and estrogen (N = 6); and G3, remitting AN with normalization of the gonadic function (N = 2, total follow-up 36 months). Results were adjusted for each patient to a 6-month variation. Semestrial variations in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were -2.1 +/- 1.3%, +2.8 +/- 1.5%, and -0.3 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- SEM), respectively for G1, G2 and G3; those for femoral neck BMD semestrial variations were -5.9 +/- 2.1%, -3.8 +/- 1.2% and -1.0 +/- 0.6%. Femoral neck and lumbar BMD variations for G1 were mainly correlated positively with bone-forming markers (serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and negatively with initial lumbar BMD. Estrogen alone increased lumbar BMD by +1.4 +/- 2.3% every 6 months but did not stabilize femoral neck BMD (-3.5 +/- 1.4%). Fluoride increased lumbar BMD by 4.8 +/- 1.8%. Both lumbar and femoral neck BMD were stabilized in the remission group (-0.3 +/- 1.3% and -1.0 +/- 0.6%), despite half of the follow-up time with amenorrhea. In conclusion, untreated AN is associated with a marked trabecular and cortical bone loss (4-10% per year), which can lead to osteoporotic fractures. In prevention of bone loss, the efficacy of estrogen is difficult to investigate in AN, even with a well-controlled trial. Our study could provide argument that, when the observance of this preventive treatment is assessed, lumbar BMD can be stabilized in chronic forms of AN.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Complications of bereavement as seen in infant anorexia and adolescent anorexia nervosa.

In a certain number of cases, parents of infant and adolescent anorexics may exhibit complications of bereavement. Both infant and adolescent forms of anorexic symptoms constitute indeed two distinct pathologies. Sometimes, however, these two forms of anorexic symptoms share points in common, namely a psychopathological aspect. Making references to two clinical cases, the authors show that difficulties in the mourning process may in fact play a key role in the constitution of anorexic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Adolescent and child anorexia: various possible common elements].

Based on their clinical experience, the authors investigate the possible links between early-age anorexia and adolescent anorexia. Although it is not common to find these two types of anorexia in the same person, the occurrence is found indeed. More often, anorexia at an early age has been described as occurring in offsprings of mothers who themselves had presented anorectic behaviors, either at an early age or in adolescence. The authors question the possible role of the psychopathology of mourning in the genesis of anorectic symptoms. They then proceed to some more general considerations on object relations observed in these cases. They suggest that a lack of integration of a satisfactory object relation may breed disturbances in relations and in symbolization of the type frequently observed in the semiology of early age or adolescent anorexia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic criteria in bulimia: reassessment and proposals based on a series of 539 cases].

Bulimia nervosa is a recently identified psychiatric disorder. Several clinical definitions have been successively proposed, some of which contradictory. In a multicenter study (INSERM clinical research network), 539 consecutive outpatients with bulimic behaviors were evaluated in 18 treatment centers and classified according to several diagnostic reference systems. We tested the validity of diagnostic criteria proposed by the American Psychiatric Association for DSM-IV classification. Our data support inclusion of both purging and nonpurging subtypes for the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. The newly defined syndrome "Binge Eating Disorder" should be retained, but its diagnostic criteria modified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Study of bone repercussion in 33 cases with anorexia nervosa which 8 with fracture osteoporosis].

A national survey has regrouped 33 cases of anorexia nervosa (AN) with osseous investigations, in particular an absorptiometry of the lumbar spine. 2 groups have been defined: 25 patients without fracture (F-) and 8 patients with osteoporotic fractures (F+), including 5 cases with 12 vertebral fractures and 5 with non vertebral fractures: 31/33 have a low lumbar bone mineral content (BMC). The lumbar BMC of the F+ is significantly lower than the F-: -4.1 +/- 1.6 DS versus -2.2 +/- 1.2 DS (p less than 0.001). 5 F+ patients are under the fracture threshold (FT), (O F-), 2 F+ are on the same level as the FT, and the last F+ has a lumbar BMC 15% above the FT, but an osteoporotic wrist fracture and a very low femoral neck BMC (0.64 g/m2, normal 1.06 +/- 0.15). F+ are older (35.2 year old versus 23.6, p less than 0.001), owing the fact that the duration of the AN (+ 9.2 years, p less than 0.005) and of the amenorrhea (+ 9.8 years, p less than 0.001) are longer, although the AN began at the same age in the 2 groups. The minimum weight, the body mass index, the percentage of loss of weight are similar in the 2 groups. Phosphocalcic biological studies, which show rather high osteocalcinemia and hydroxyprolinuria (hyperremodeling), with rather high serum 1-25 OH vitamin D, do not differ between the 2 groups. Endocrinologic evaluations, with a constant hypooestradiolemia of hypothalamic origin, low somatomedinemia and normal cortisolemia, are not different between the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗