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Biomedical subjects

J L Ward

Publications and source records attributed to J L Ward.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chronic frontal sinusitis in dairy cattle: 12 cases (1978-1989).

Chronic frontal sinusitis in 12 dairy cattle most often was associated with a history of dehorning, in which the sinus was entered (67%), or with respiratory tract disease (25%). The most common organisms isolated were Actinomyces pyogenes and Pasteurella multocida. Signs of infection did not develop for months in some cattle and were often intermittent. The most common clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, fever, frontal bone distortion, exophthalmos, abnormal posture, nasal discharge, and neurologic abnormalities. Treatment consisted of trephination at 2 sites, drainage and lavage of the sinus cavity, and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. Eight cattle responded well to treatment and were discharged, but 4 others had signs of CNS involvement and died or were euthanatized. Trephination of the frontal sinus cavity at carefully chosen sites and antibiotic treatment are indicated when sinusitis is suspected. Drainage of the sinus cavity is imperative to avoid extension of the infection into the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Medullary thyroid carcinoma: Australian experience with genetic testing.

Linkage analysis has been performed in four pedigrees with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) using pericentromeric chromosome 10 probes. Important information regarding carrier status has been provided in 10 individuals, many of whom would not have been identified by pentagastrin stimulation testing. We have also used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to link the probes H4.IRBP and pMCK2 to a 150 kb fragment. Using PFGE, no evidence was found in DNA from lymphocytes of a major DNA rearrangement in two individuals affected with MEN 2A and an individual with MEN 2B compared with normals. Metastatic MTC from one patient has been used to generate a cDNA library which will be used to screen for candidate MEN 2A and MEN 2B gene(s).

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Alteration of morphogenesis by the v-myc oncogene in transplants of mammary gland.

To see if individual oncogenes can alter three-dimensional growth in vivo, we have inserted the v-myc oncogene into transplants of mouse mammary gland. Primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells were infected with helper-free retrovirus to insert v-myc oncogenes, and transplanted into cleared mammary fat pads (mammary glands from which the natural epithelium had been removed) of host mice. Uninfected transplants, and transplants infected with retrovirus constructs that carry no oncogene, grew to form an epithelial 'tree' resembling normal mammary gland, as expected. Transplants infected with retroviruses carrying v-myc oncogenes grew to form a characteristic, abnormal (hyperplastic) pattern in which the ducts were more densely packed than normal. Integration of the retrovirus in the transplants was demonstrated. The effect of the oncogene was local, not systemic, as some transplants showed adjacent areas of normal and hyperplastic growth. Thus v-myc can alter morphogenesis without growth becoming disorganized.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular responses to rowing.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the cardiovascular responses to rowing. In the first part of the study, heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q) were measured at rest and at three steady-state exercise levels on the variable-resistance rowing ergometer in 10 female and 11 male subjects. Q was determined non-invasively by the equilibration method of CO2 re-breathing, and stroke volume (SV) was calculated. Subjects varied in rowing ability from healthy, inexperienced rowers to competitive athletes. The linear relationships between Q and oxygen consumption for the women (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001; slope = 5.2 +/- 1.1) (mean +/- SD) and the men (r = 0.58; P less than 0.001; slope = 6.1 +/- 1.4) were similar to published values for other types of upright exercises. For both mean and women, SV increased from rest to the first level of exercise, and then reached a plateau at or before the second exercise intensity. Between the second and third levels of exercise, SV decreased significantly in the female subjects (107 +/- 18 vs 94 +/- 16 ml; P less than 0.05), but not in the male subjects (128 +/- 1 1 vs 126 +/- 15 ml; P = not statistically significant). In the second part of the study, HR, Q, and SV were compared on the cycle and rowing ergometers on successive days in eight additional subjects. At similar levels of oxygen consumption and Q, HR was significantly higher, and SV was significantly lower during rowing exercise than with cycle exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Narcotic and other drug use: a spectrum.

Zinberg and Lewis foresaw developments in the substance abuse field in particular and in human services in general with the development of a "Spectrum of a Difficult Medical Problem." We believe this spectrum has far reaching implications and value for researchers, theoreticians, planners and practitioners currently in the substance abuse field both in conceptualizing drug involvement with its diversity of potential concerns, as well as planning treatment for drug involved clients. The application of a spectrum need not be limited to the category of drugs known as narcotics; this concept can also be applied to involvement with drugs from other categories, e.g., stimulants, sedative/hypnotics, hallucinogens, etc.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1980

Optic array determinants of apparent distance and size in pictures.

This study explored whether special mechanisms are operative in picture perception to correct for the distortion that occurs when pictures are viewed from the wrong station point. Five photographs were taken of a layout composed of two same-sized dolls positioned at different distances on a flat untextured ground. Perspective differences existed between the photographs as a function of varying the distance of the camera to the layout. Each picture was viewed from five station points along the normal by 12 adults who estimated the relative magnitude of the depth interval between the dolls and judged whether the rear doll was objectively smaller, larger, or the same size as the front doll. No evidence was found of a compensation mechanism operating to stabilize the pictured layout. Distance and size judgments were affected in a manner that was consistent with what would occur if an actual layout and the conditions under which it were viewed were similarly transformed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The presence of type III collagen in the developing tooth.

Type I and type III collagens have been isolated from dental papilla and dental pulp of bovine tissues by enzymic digestion with pepsin and differential salt precipitation. Type III collagen was further purified by molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography. The relative proportions of type III and type I collagens were estimated by two different techniques, gel electrophoresis in the presence of mercaptoethanol, and direct estimation of the alpha1(III)CB3 peptide. Both techniques gave similar values. Type III collagen constituted 24% of papilla and 28% of pulp collagen by the first procedure, and 20% and 31% by the second. 18% of dental follicle collagen was type III.

Amino Acids↗