Biomedical subjects

J Látal

Publications and source records attributed to J Látal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Treatment of fractures of the lower cervical spine (C3-C7)].

Spinal surgery dealing with reparation of injury consequences by stabilisation implantates is a relatively new surgical branch. The experience and results at individual departments in Slovakia in this field differ significantly as to their qualitative degree. The Trauma Surgery Department IVZ in Bratislava and the National Rehabilitation Center in Kovácová cooperate since 1989 in a mutual spinal programme. 177 out of 189 patients survived after undergoing a surgical treatment due to the injury of the lower cervical spine performed from 1988 to 1994. 68 patients (Frankel A, B, C) were included into the spinal programme. The authors present the therapeutical results evaluated according to morphologic, neurologic, functional and subjective criteria. The most frequently used stabilizing method is the so-called method of Caspar and the technique of Morscher, the latter being less frequently applied. Both methods are fully secure, causing minimal blood loss, perfectly stable as to the angle and axis. Both techniques enable a sufficient approach to the decompression of the spinal cord. Since they do not demand any additional external rigid fixation, they are excellently tolerated by patients and only minimally restrict movement. (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 8.)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Cervical spondylotic myelopathy].

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the most frequent type of spinal cord's function impairment in patients over 55 years of age, is caused by mechanical and dynamical changes in the degenerating lower cervical segment of the spine leading to the reduction of the perimedullar space, disturbing thus the blood supply or spinal cord per se. The clinical picture of neurologic changes and their development is very variable. The suspicion of CSM is supported by the finding of the stenosis of the spinal canal to 11 mm, or the decrease in Pavlov's index below 0.8. The diagnosis is based dominantly on CT myelographic examination and MRI. Operative solution has a favourable prognosis providing that the irreversible changes in the spinal cord are absent. (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 12.)

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed1993

[Treatment of fractures of the upper cervical spine (C1 and C2)].

The authors provide a review of current opinions on the treatment of fractures in the region of C1 and C2. It is necessary to take the possibility of this localization of fractures into consideration in polytraumatized patients, in those unconscious, and in cases of algesia in the cervical region. A significant post in diagnostics belongs to CT examination which reveals the extent and type of fracture and the degree of dislocation. The authors refer to the classification of Aebi and Nazarian which should be accepted in spondylo-surgical practice. The authors recommend conservative therapy of atlas fractures, preferably by the use of Halo-apparatuses. The direct osteosynthesis by means of two compressible screws according to Böhler/Magerl represents the method of choice in treating dens fractures. The surgical modification utilizing a small T splint was proved competent in fractures interfering the vertebral corpus (type III). Fractures of isthmus with no dislocation are recommended to be treated conservatively by the use of Halo-fixation, in cases with dislocation (types E II, E III) they consider the method of intercorporal desis C 2/3 according to Decaulx and modified by Caspar, to be optimal. (Fig. 8, Ref. 20.).

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗

PubMed1993

[Fracture of the axis--surgical treatment. II. Axial isthmus].

The authors present their own experience with the surgical treatment of fractures of the isthmus axis. They discuss contemporary classifications and give indications for surgical treatment. They consider direct compressive osteosynthesis, as described by Judet, performed by a posterior approach as excessively risky for the patient because of possible damage of the vertebral artery and structures of the spinal cord. They substituted this operation by indirect stabilization on Decaulx' principles. The advantage of this method, using an anterior approach, is also immediate treatment of the damaged disc. The authors describe their own experience with both techniques and similarly as in surgical stabilization of the dens they consider it the method of choice. In all cases of surgically treated isthmic, dislocated fractures a firm osseous connection was established with practically no functional restrictions of the cervical segment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Recent trends in the treatment of lower leg fractures].

Indications of appropriate treatment of tibial shaft fractures are one of the priority problems present-day traumatology has to address. In choosing the optimal mode of treatment of tibial shaft fractures not only the configuration of the fracture but also injury of soft tissues has been assigned increasing importance. At the Department of Traumatology of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine in Bratislava, 962 tibial shaft fractures were treated over the period of 12 years from 1977-1988. Conservative treatment was applied in 600 fractures and 362 fractures were treated surgically. The therapeutic results obtained by using the newly introduced methods of treating tibial shaft fractures, i.e. functional plating and osteosynthesis by flexible Ender nailing, were analyzed in a retrospective and prospective study. The results of these approaches were compared with those achieved by classical methods of the AO school, rigid intramedullary nailing and external fixation. The favorable outcome of union and the good functional effect obtained in the studied and compared series of patients indicate that conservative functional treatment is the method of choice in tibial shaft fractures. Of the surgical therapeutic methods, flexible as well as stable intramedullary osteosynthesis by Ender nailing proved to be both the most sparing and the most physiological approach. The paper proposes an indication scheme of tibial shaft fracture treatment designed for clinical use considering the categorization of fractures according to up-to-date classification. For each type of tibial shaft fracture and soft tissue injury the optimal mode of treatment is suggested. Besides the main indication, possibilities of alternative treatment are also being pointed out.

Fracture Fixation↗

PubMed1990

[Electrical and electromagnetic stimulation of bone healing].

The presented review analyzes the problem of the effect of electric current and electromagnetic fields on bone healing. The findings of the cited papers indicate that electronegativity, osteoblastic activity and bone formation fall within one group, while electropositivity, osteoclasia and resorption constitute another group. Stimulation is performed surgically by implanted electrodes or by current induction in the bone. Evidence on the effect of direct electric stimulation and pulsed magnetic filds in speeding up the process of bone healing fails to be convincing. However, the beneficial influence of electromagnetotherapy on the healing of soft tissues has been confirmed and is to be ascribed t its antiedematous, analgesic and antiinflammatory effect.

Animals↗

PubMed1987