Biomedical subjects

J Laakso

Publications and source records attributed to J Laakso.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Boron biodistribution in beagles after intravenous infusion of 4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine-fructose complex.

Boron biodistribution after intravenous infusion of 4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine-fructose (BPA-F) complex was investigated in six dogs. Blood samples were evaluated during and following doses of 205 and 250 mg/kgbw BPA in a 30 min infusion, and 500 mg/kgbw in a 1h infusion. Samples from whole blood, urine, brain and other organs were analysed for boron content after varying times following the onset of infusion. The whole blood boron concentrations declined from 27 to 8.4 ppm over the period of 39-165 min after the onset of infusion and the levels increased from 1.9 to 12 ppm in the grey matter of the brain over the same period. The boron concentrations in whole blood decreased steadily, whereas the boron values in brain tissue rose steadily with time. It was concluded that whole blood boron concentrations do not seem to reflect accurately the boron concentration in brain tissue at respective time points.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Oestrogen receptor gene variation is a determinant of coronary reactivity in healthy young men.

BACKGROUND: Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a determinant of impaired coronary function and oestrogens inhibit its formation probably throughout genetically-variable oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in artery wall. We hypothesized that the ESR1 polymorphism might influence coronary function and reactivity as measured by positron emission tomography (PET), which allows the detection of coronary dysfunction before appearance of angiographic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one healthy young men (aged 35 +/- 4 years), with normal or slightly-elevated serum cholesterol, underwent PET with intravenous adenosine. ESR1 PvuII genotypes P/P, P/p, and p/p in addition to the plasma autoantibody titre against ox-LDL, a marker of in vivo oxidation, were determined. RESULTS: The ESR1 genotype persisted as the only significant predictor of adenosine stimulated coronary flow (P = 0.035) after adjustment for other coronary risk factors. Subjects with P/P genotype had 33.4 and 41.8% lower adenosine-stimulated flow values than subjects with P/p and p/p genotypes (P = 0.030). Furthermore, plasma levels of ox-LDL titre were on average 59 and 77% higher in subjects with P/P genotype than in subjects with P/p or p/p genotypes (P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: These tentative findings from our pilot study provide evidence that genetic variation in ESR1 may modify coronary reactivity and LDL oxidation and reflect differences in the early pathogenesis of coronary dysfunction in these healthy young men.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

High oxidized LDL and elevated plasma homocysteine contribute to the early reduction of myocardial flow reserve in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Impairment of coronary blood flow reserve has been shown to be an early manifestation of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied more closely the contribution of various risk factors on early deterioration of coronary function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one young, apparently healthy adults, with normal or mildly elevated serum cholesterol levels but without other major risk factors for CAD, such as diabetes or hypertension, underwent positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured using O15-water. In addition to the classical risk factors, the role of several new risk indicators, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, infection (Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies), and inflammation parameters (adhesion molecules, ICAM, VCAM, selectin, and C-reactive protein), homocysteine and body iron stores were investigated. RESULTS: Elevated lipid and lipoprotein levels were not associated with reduced coronary reactivity. However, high autoantibody titers against oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were associated with 21% lower CFR than low oxLDL (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high homocysteine levels predicted low CFR (P < 0.05). The other measured parameters, Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody levels, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecule concentrations did not associate with myocardial blood flow. In a stepwise regression model, oxLDL (P = 0.03), homocysteine (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.018) were significant predictors of CFR. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests an important role for oxidized LDL and plasma homocysteine on early impairment of coronary reactivity in young adults.

Adenosine↗

PubMed2001

Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and coronary reactivity in young healthy men.

This study examined the relationships between paraoxonase genotypes, coronary artery reactivity, and indices of low-density lipoprotein oxidation in healthy men. Impairment in coronary flow reserve, as assessed by positron emission tomography, is associated with lipoprotein oxidation, which is affected by high-density lipoprotein bound enzyme, paraoxonase. Paraoxonase has two common polymorphisms (M/L55 and R/Q192) that change the activity of the enzyme. Forty-nine healthy men (mean age 35 +/- 4 years) were divided by paraoxonase genotype into low (Q192/Q192, or M55/M55, M55/L55) and high-active (R192/Q192, R192/R192, or L55/L55) groups and related to the myocardial blood flow, to the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation, and the autoantibody titer against oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography at rest and during adenosine infusion. The low-active Q192/Q192 genotype was associated with higher resting blood flow corrected for rate-pressure product compared to the high-active R192/R192 and R192/Q192 genotypes (P=0.011). The blood flow stimulated by adenosine was not significantly different in the low- and high-active genotype groups. Paraoxonase genotypes had no effect on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation or autoantibody formation against oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Genotypes of paraoxonase may not clearly contribute to the early changes in coronary reactivity. Coronary vasomotor tone at rest appears to be modulated by paraoxonase R/Q192 polymorphism through mechanism(s) unrelated to low-density lipoprotein oxidation.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Atomic emission method for total boron in blood during neutron-capture therapy.

BACKGROUND: Boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) is a drug-targeted binary radiotherapy for cancer. The (10)B capture of thermal neutrons induces secondary radiation within cells during irradiation. The most widely used boron carrier is 4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine (BPA). The duration and timing of the irradiation is adjusted by monitoring (10)B concentrations in whole blood. METHODS: We developed a new method for boron determination that uses inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and protein removal with trichloroacetic acid before analysis. This method was compared with the established but tedious inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which uses wet ashing as sample pretreatment. Erythrocyte boron concentrations were determined indirectly on the basis of plasma and whole blood boron concentrations and the hematocrit. The hematocrit was determined indirectly by measuring calcium concentrations in plasma and whole blood. RESULTS: Within- and between-day CVs were <5%. The recoveries for boron in whole blood were 95.6-96.2%. A strong correlation was found between results of the ICP-AES and ICP-MS (r = 0.994). Marked differences in plasma and erythrocyte boron concentrations were observed during and after infusion of BPA fructose complex. CONCLUSIONS: The present method is feasible, accurate, and one of the fastest for boron determination during BNCT. Our results indicate that it is preferable to determine boron in plasma and in whole blood. Indirect erythrocyte-boron determination thus becomes possible and avoids the impact of preanalytical confounding factors, such as the influence of the hematocrit of the patient. Such an approach enables a more reliable estimation of the irradiation dose.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Neural network and wavelet recognition of facial electromyographic signals.

The present aim was to explore the possibilities of using neural networks for recognizing significant changes in electrical activity of human facial muscles. We used multilayer perceptron neural networks to recognize bursts of electromyographic signals recorded with bipolar surface electrodes from two subject's facial muscles. Wavelets were applied for the detection of high frequency components of electromyographic signals. Coefficients of wavelets were used as an input to a neural network in order to differentiate bursts from the signals. The results showed that the recognition of bursts was very successful resulting to 84-97 percent total accuracies. The results were very encouraging and suggest further that the measurement of facial muscle activity may be a potentially useful computer input signal, for example, for affective computing which can be seen as a future versatile interaction between the computer and the user.

Electromyography↗

PubMed2001

Postural control as assessed with virtual reality.

We studied the use of virtual reality technology as a stimulus in balance examinations. A pilot study was made using a small group of healthy subjects to investigate the effect of alcohol and virtual reality stimulus on the subjects' balance. The tests showed that blood alcohol concentration accounted for almost 50% of the increased lateral body sway velocity. The new stimulus technique based on virtual reality technology seems to be effective and flexible for postural investigations.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Effects of patch number and dispersal patterns on population dynamics and synchrony.

In this paper, we examine the effects of patch number and different dispersal patterns on dynamics of local populations and on the level of synchrony between them. Local population renewal is governed by the Ricker model and we also consider asymmetrical dispersal as well as the presence of environmental heterogeneity. Our results show that both population dynamics and the level of synchrony differ markedly between two and a larger number of local populations. For two patches different dispersal rules give very versatile dynamics. However, for a larger number of local populations the dynamics are similar irrespective of the dispersal rule. For example, for the parameter values yielding stable or periodic dynamics in a single population, the dynamics do not change when the patches are coupled with dispersal. High intensity of dispersal does not guarantee synchrony between local populations. The level of synchrony depends also on dispersal rule, the number of local populations, and the intrinsic rate of increase. In our study, the effects of density-independent and density-dependent dispersal rules do not show any consistent difference. The results call for caution when drawing general conclusions from models of only two interacting populations and question the applicability of a large number of theoretical papers dealing with two local populations.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Antioxidants in vegan diet and rheumatic disorders.

Plants are rich natural sources of antioxidants in addition to other nutrients. Interventions and cross sectional studies on subjects consuming uncooked vegan diet called living food (LF) have been carried out. We have clarified the efficacy of LF in rheumatoid diseases as an example of a health problem where inflammation is one of the main concerns. LF is an uncooked vegan diet and consists of berries, fruits, vegetables and roots, nuts, germinated seeds and sprouts, i.e. rich sources of carotenoids, vitamins C and E. The subjects eating LF showed highly increased levels of beta and alfa carotenes, lycopen and lutein in their sera. Also the increases of vitamin C and vitamin E (adjusted to cholesterol) were statistically significant. As the berry intake was 3-fold compared to controls the intake of polyphenolic compounds like quercetin, myricetin and kaempherol was much higher than in the omnivorous controls. The LF diet is rich in fibre, substrate of lignan production, and the urinary excretion of polyphenols like enterodiol and enterolactone as well as secoisolaricirecinol were much increased in subjects eating LF. The shift of fibromyalgic subjects to LF resulted in a decrease of their joint stiffness and pain as well as an improvement of their self-experienced health. The rheumatoid arthritis patients eating the LF diet also reported similar positive responses and the objective measures supported this finding. The improvement of rheumatoid arthritis was significantly correlated with the day-to-day fluctuation of subjective symptoms. In conclusion the rheumatoid patients subjectively benefited from the vegan diet rich in antioxidants, lactobacilli and fibre, and this was also seen in objective measures.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2000

Visibility of the environmental noise modulating population dynamics.

Characterizing population fluctuations and their causes is a major theme in population ecology. The debate is on the relative merits of density-dependent and density-independent effects. One paradigm (revived by the research on global warming and its relation to long-term population data) states that fluctuations in population densities can often be accounted for by external noise. Several empirical models have been suggested to support this view. We followed this by assuming a given population skeleton dynamics (Ricker dynamics and second-order autoregressive dynamics) topped off with noise composed of low- and high-frequency components. Our aim was to determine to what extent the modulated population dynamics correlate with the noise signal. High correlations (with time-lag -1) were observed with both model categories in the region of stable dynamics, but not in the region of periodic or complex dynamics. This finding is not very sensitive to low-frequency noise. High correlations throughout the entire range of dynamics are only achievable when the impact of the noise is very high. Fitted parameter values of skeleton dynamics modulated with noise are prone to err substantially. This casts doubt as to what degree the underlying dynamics are any more recognizable after being modulated by the external noise.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Down-regulation of renal glutathione synthesis by systemic nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Nitric oxide stimulates in vitro the synthesis of glutathione, an abundant thiol with a number of functions such as detoxification of xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species. In order to study this relationship in an animal model of hypertension, we treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) either with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or with a nitric oxide donor isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis led to malignant hypertension and to a marked decrease in glutathione synthesis through down-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). The reduction in GCS activity was further augmented in SHR on a high sodium diet. Renal GCS activity in untreated SHR was 234 +/- 14 and 240 +/- 18 nmol/min/mg protein (mean +/- SD) on a low and high sodium diet, respectively. When L-NAME was included in the diet, the activities dropped to 173 +/- 28 and 123 +/- 28 for the low and high sodium diets, respectively. IS-5-MN attenuated the rise in blood pressure induced by sodium chloride, but did not affect the GCS activity. The mechanism of GCS stimulation by nitric oxide is not known, but our results combined with the literature suggest that a relatively high concentration of nitric oxide is needed.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Oxidized LDL from subjects with different dietary habits modifies atherogenic processes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) activates a number of processes involved in atherogenesis and vasoconstriction. Evidence suggests that oxidation increases the atherogenicity of LDL. We investigated the effects of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) on cytotoxicity, prostacyclin (PGI2), and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) production in rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and rat heart endothelial cell (EC) culture, as well as EC- and VSMC-mediated LDL oxidation. Native LDL (n-LDL) was isolated from subjects on three long-term diets with differing fatty acid content (control diet rich in saturated fat and vegetarian and fish diets). The Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of n-LDL was monitored using conjugated diene formation and stopped at various time points to achieve 20%, 45%, 70%, and 100% levels of ox-LDL. The lag phase of oxidation by Cu2+ was shortest and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) formation by VSMC-mediated oxidation was highest with n-LDL obtained from the fish diet group. There were no differences between the ox-LDLs obtained from the different diet groups in their cytotoxicity in EC culture. The degree of oxidation did not influence LDL cytotoxicity. In VSMC culture PGI2 production was increased by ox-LDLs from all diet groups. In EC culture only the extensively oxidized LDLs obtained from the vegetarian diet group were able to induce PGI2 production. The LDLs did not affect basal cGMP production in either EC or VSMC culture.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Dietary potassium and magnesium supplementation in cyclosporine-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity are aggravated by high sodium intake. Accumulating evidence suggests that potassium and magnesium supplementation could protect against the detrimental effects of dietary salt. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis of whether concurrent supplementation with potassium and magnesium could protect against the development of CsA-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity more effectively than supplementation with one mineral alone. METHODS: Eight-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into four groups (N = 10 in each group): (1) CsA group (5 mg/kg subcutaneously) receiving high-sodium diet (Na 2.6%, K 0.8%, Mg 0.2% wt/wt); (2) CsA group receiving a high-sodium, high-potassium diet (Na 2.6%, K 2.4%, Mg 0.2%); (3) CsA group receiving high-sodium, high-magnesium diet (Na 2.6%, K 0.8%, Mg 0.6%); and (4) CsA group receiving high-sodium, high-potassium, high-magnesium diet (Na 2.6%, K 2.4%, Mg 0.6%). RESULTS: CsA induced severe hypertension and deteriorated renal functions in SHRs on high-sodium diet. Histologically, the kidneys showed severe thickening of the media of the afferent artery with fibrinoid necrosis. Potassium supplementation lowered blood pressure (198 +/- 5 vs. 212 +/- 2 mm Hg, P < 0.05) and partially prevented the development of proteinuria (-25%, P < 0.05). Magnesium supplementation decreased blood pressure to the same extent but improved renal functions more effectively than potassium. The greatest protection against CsA toxicity was achieved when dietary potassium and magnesium supplementations were combined. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, a marker for renal proximal tubular damage, increased progressively in CsA-treated SHRs on the high-sodium diet. Neither potassium nor magnesium influenced urinary NAG excretion. We also estimated the activity of the renal dopaminergic system by measuring 24-hour urinary dopamine excretion rates. CsA suppressed the renal dopaminergic system during high-sodium diet. Magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination with potassium, protected against the development of renal dopaminergic deficiency in CsA-treated SHRs on high-sodium diet. Magnesium supplementation increased plasma-free ionized magnesium (iMg) and bone magnesium by 50 and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that both potassium and magnesium supplementations showed beneficial effects against CsA-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity. The protective effect of magnesium clearly exceeded that of potassium. The greatest protection against CsA toxicity was achieved when potassium and magnesium were combined. We also provide evidence that the development of CsA-induced glomerular, tubular, and vascular lesions are associated with renal dopaminergic deficiency.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed2000

Dietary fatty acid composition influences the degree of human LDL oxidation, but has only minor effects on vascular tone in a bioassay system.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oxidized LDL has been detected in atherosclerotic vessels and presumed to be one of the major risk factors in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The aims of the present study were to clarify whether the oxidation degree of LDL influences arterial tone and whether different long-lasting dietary habits have effects on biological variables. METHODS AND RESULTS: The lag phase of LDL oxidation was shorter (117 +/- 6 min) in the fish diet group than in the vegetarian (153 +/- 5 min) or the control diet group (152 +/- 10 min). The rat mesenteric arterial rings, which were preincubated with LDL oxidized to 1-30%, from the vegetarian and the fish diet groups showed (p < 0.05) decreased NA-induced maximal contraction forces when compared to the control diet. The LDL oxidation degrees of 31-60% and 61-90% had no effect on NA- and KCl-induced maximal contraction forces when compared to native LDL, nor were there differences between the diet groups. Endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation responses behaved similarly in all groups and were independent of the degree of oxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits change the fatty acid composition of LDL, but have only minor effects on the vasoactive properties of oxidized LDL.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase induces renal xanthine oxidoreductase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The kidney function plays a crucial role in the salt-induced hypertension of genetically salt-sensitive, hypertension-prone rats. We have previously reported that renal xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity is increased in hypertension-prone rats, and even more markedly in salt-induced experimental hypertension. XOR is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, converting ATP metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Because the possible involvement of XOR in nitric oxide metabolism has gained recent interest, we determined renal XOR activity after treating spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), kept on different salt intake levels (0.2, 1.1 and 6.0% of NaCl in the chow), for three weeks with a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 20mg/kg/d). L-NAME treatment induced renal XOR activity by 14 to 37 % (P<0.001), depending on the intake level of salt. Increased salt intake was no more able to aggravate L-NAME induced hypertension, but it did further increase the renal XOR activity (p<0.05). Treatment of SHRs with a nitric oxide donor, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (60-70 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks), markedly attenuated the salt-enhanced hypertension without a clear effect on renal XOR activity. Thus, the results indicate that the NO concentration needed to inhibit XOR is supra-physiological, and suggest that renal NO production is not impaired in the SHR model of hypertension.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Interrelationships between low density lipoprotein receptor defect, serum fatty acid composition, and serum cholesterol concentration.

It is known that, in the general human population, serum fatty acid composition is correlated with serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations. The goal of the present study was to analyze whether the same is true of individuals who have a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) defect. Concentrations of 16 different fatty acids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and major lipoproteins in serum were determined in eight individuals who had (FH-North Karelia), the most common LDL-R defect in Finland, which causes familial hypercholesterolemia, and in their 30 relatives belonging to a single large pedigree as controls. The average number of double bonds (i.e., degree of desaturation) in serum fatty acids correlated negatively with the concentrations of serum total cholesterol (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) and total triacylglycerol (r = -0.71, P < 0.001) and positively with the number of fish meals per week (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), which was analyzed in all pedigree members jointly. These effects were similar in individuals having LDL-R defect, in which group the correlation coefficients were -0.31 (P = NS), -0.99 (P < 0.001), and 0.79 (P = NS) for serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and weekly fish meals, respectively. Thus, LDL-R defect does not impair the correlation between serum fatty acid composition and serum triacylglycerol concentration. This result is in agreement with dietary studies that have shown that familial hypercholesterolemia patients respond very favorably to dietary therapy.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Dietary habits affect the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation.

OBJECTIVE: To study, if there are differences in the fatty acid composition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in people eating three different long-standing habitual diets: vegetarian, high fish intake, or high saturated fat (milk fat) diet as a control group, and to study if these differences influence the oxidation susceptibility of LDL. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using blood samples and a validated dietary frequency questionnaire with illustrations. SETTING: Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. SUBJECTS: The effect of three different types of long-standing diets of different fatty acid content (a strict vegetarian diet, n=11; a high fish intake diet, n=9; and a high saturated fat (milk fat) diet, controls, n=7) on the serum and LDL fatty acid content, and on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro, was studied in healthy normocholesterolemic volunteers who had been on these diets for years. Oxidation of LDL was carried out by using CuSO4 as a pro-oxidant. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the serum lipids or lipoproteins, though the vegetarian group exhibited lowest mean values of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL cholesterol levels. Both the serum and LDL eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid proportions were highest in the fish and lowest in the vegetarian groups. Linoleic acid was highest among the vegetarians. In the fish group, the vitamin A concentration in serum was higher than in vegetarians and controls and beta-carotene lower than in controls, but in alpha-tocopherol, or lycopene concentrations there were no statistically significant differences. The lag phase of LDL oxidation was shortest (116 min) in the fish group and longest (165 min) in the vegetarian group, and the control group was between them (129 min). The mean oxidation percentage after 2.5 h of copper-induced oxidation was highest (44%) in the fish group and lowest (22%) in the vegetarian group and intermediate (31%) in the control group. CONCLUSION: Long-term dietary habits predict the fatty acid composition of serum and LDL, and influence the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. In the fish group with the highest content of omega-3 fatty acids in LDL, the oxidation susceptibility of LDL was highest. In the vegetarian group with less omega-3 fatty acids in LDL, the LDL was more resistant to oxidation. SPONSORSHIP: Helsinki University Central Hospital.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Proliferative effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on vascular smooth muscle cells: role of dietary habits.

The effects were studied of native, partially-oxidized and totally-oxidized human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on the proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMC), measured as an altered DNA synthesis. The LDL was obtained from three different human long-term diet groups (a control diet rich in saturated fats, a vegetarian diet, and a fish diet). The oxidized LDLs were prepared by oxidizing the LDL with copper sulfate. The DNA synthesis was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the DNA. The partially-oxidized LDL was the most potent promoter of DNA synthesis compared to the native or totally-oxidized LDL of the same diet group. The partially-oxidized LDL had a true mitogenic effect in the absence of exogenous growth factors. The native and totally-oxidized LDL induced a significant increase in DNA synthesis, if they were obtained from the fish diet group. This study suggests an enhanced proliferative effect of partially-oxidized LDL on VSMC growth.

Adult↗