Biomedical subjects

J Lacau Saint Guily

Publications and source records attributed to J Lacau Saint Guily.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Lesions to lips, oral and nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and esophagus due to endotracheal intubation and its alternatives].

Dysphagia of greater than 48 h duration is an indication for indirect laryngoscopy and when odynophagia and otalgia occur simultaneously, the possibility of subluxation of the arytenoids demands an urgent ENT assessment. The potential seriousness of laryngeal lesions following intubation obliges us to use the smallest compatible endotracheal tube. The occurrence of pain cervical surgical emphysema and fever suggests a pharyngeal lesion necessitating the suspension of oral feeding and the initiation of antibiotic therapy with anaerobic activity, while awaiting possible surgical intervention. There is no argument to use a tooth-guard for each intubation, but tooth fragility must be researched. The incidence of nasal fossa trauma is reduced with the use of nasal packs impregnated with local anaesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor. This allows the introduction of a small flexible lubricated tube. Laryngeal mask-induced sore throat is more common than the more serious injuries. The classical technique of introducing a laryngeal mask of appropriate size (4 for women, 5 for men) in which the cuff is inflated to a leak pressure of 20 cm H(2)O reduces this frequency. The facial mask may cause injuries especially with prolonged use. The incidence of pulmonary aspiration, linked to the action of drugs, raised intra-abdominal pressure; an emergent situation or difficult intubation is decreased with the performance of the Sellick maneuver at intubation, rapid induction and the neutralization of gastric acidity. A meticulous technique of insertion of the, individualized anaesthesia, particular vigilance at the time of decurarisation and position changes and a calm awakening assure its optimal use, unless the Proseal laryngeal mask modifies this point of view.

Esophagus↗

PubMed1997

Electromyographic activity of strap and cricothyroid muscles in pitch change.

The EMG activity of the cricothyroid muscle (CT) and the three extrinsic laryngeal muscles (thyohyoid, TH; sternothyroid, ST, and sternohyoid, SH) were recorded throughout the voice range of one female and one male subject, both untrained singers. The voice range was examined using rising and falling glissandos (production of a sustained sound with progressive and continuous variation of fundamental frequency). Muscle activity was observed at various pitches during the glissandos. The strap muscle activity during the production of glissandos appears to be synergistic. At the lowest frequency, the CT is inactive but strap muscles (TH, ST, SH) are active. As frequency increases, strap muscle activity decreases while the CT controls frequency in the middle of the range. At higher frequencies the strap muscles once again become active. This activity might depend on the vocal vibratory mechanism involved. The role of the strap muscles at high pitches is a widely debated point but it seems that in some way they control the phenomena relevant to the rising pitch. The phasic-type strap muscle activity contrasts with the tonic-type activity of the CT. The CT closely controls the frequency, while the straps are not directly linked to the pitch but rather to the evolution of the frequency of voice production (speaking voice, singing voice, held notes, glissandos, trillo, vibrato, etc.).

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Oculopharyngeal myopathies: value of myotomy of the superior sphincter of the esophagus. Apropos of a case].

Since 3 years, a 74 year-old man suffered of swallowing impairment, weight loss, bilateral ptosis and proximal muscular weakness. Electron microscopy disclosed intranuclear tubular filaments and confirmed the diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Upper oesophageal sphincter myotomy was performed with complete improvement. Four months after surgery, swallowing disorders were not recurrent and weight gain was substantial.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Swallowing problems in neuromuscular disorders.

Feeding problems in patients with neuromuscular diseases are frequently underestimated and poorly analyzed. To gain a better understanding of the most common complaints, we surveyed 451 patients and received 409 responses representing seven disorders. Difficulties in the pre-oral phase of swallowing were encountered primarily in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facio-scapulo-humoral muscular dystrophy (FSHMD), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A limitation in the ability to open the mouth was also noted in SMA. Some features are characteristic of certain diseases such as macroglossia in DMD and dryness of the mouth in dermatomyositis and polymyositis (DMPM) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Posterior swallowing time is especially affected in MG, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, LGMD, and SMA. Overall prevalence of feeding disability in five disorders (SMA, myotonic dystrophy [MD], DMPM, FSHMD, MG) was 34.9%. A better understanding of the swallowing problems associated with these disorders may help in choosing treatment possibilities, technical aids, adaptation of the consistency of foods, swallowing rehabilitation, and nutritional support by the non-oral route.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Intrinsic muscles of the human larynx. Histoenzymological characteristics of the muscle fibers].

ATPasic, oxidative, and glycogenolytic activities were demonstrated in human laryngeal intrinsic muscles (a total of 15) employing a series of histoenzymatic investigational techniques. Staining methods applied to 10 of the muscles revealed the presence of motor plates on the fibers, either with or without associated ATPase activity. These findings enabled clarification of the different muscle fiber populations, enzymatic equipment, and type of innervation of the laryngeal muscles. Certain of these muscles (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid) possess remarkable particularities in relation to known skeletal muscles, and the significance of these features is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1983

[Correction of defects in the projection of the tip of the nose after surgery].

Dropping of the tip of the nose after surgery is mainly the result of either too extensive resection of the alae or excessive resection of the septum. In the first case, the resulting round or hooked nose can be corrected by an auto or homologous cartilage graft. In the second case, following surgery to obtain functional improvement, the presence of an osteocartilaginous hump can be exploited to support the tip, or a conventional flap can be employed, composed of alar chondromucosal tissue. These remarks are but one particular feature of secondary surgery to the nose, a delicate surgery in full expansion.

Cartilage↗