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Biomedical subjects

J Landa

Publications and source records attributed to J Landa.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The limits of the Nutrition Committee in applying parenteral nutrition].

In order to assess the benefits of a Nutritional Team in our hospital, the Nutritional Committee made a prospective study concerning the Parenteral Nutrition application between June 8th and July 23rd 1992. We studied 94 patients, mean age 51.5 (0-88). They had 918 nutritional units (20 NU/day) for a mean time of 13.2 days. The main nutritional indication was intestinal pathology (47.9% onco-surgical patients). A Parenteral Nutrition standard type was usually given to patients through a Drum type catheter. Infectious complications reached a 38.5% (13.8% thrombophlebitis). We have performed analytical controls in 83.7% patients, 83.6% of them had pathologic results. The percentage was of deaths 7.5%. After these results, we conclude that there is a need for a specifically trained medical group taking care of the nutritional management of the patients. Thus, we could assure the quality of nutritional therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Real-time cerebral echography in meningitis in the newborn infant and infants].

We report echographic findings in 17 patients with meningitis of which 16 were bacterial and the remaining one was due to toxoplasma. The signs more frequently observed have been ventricular dilatation and thickening of cortical sulci with increased echogenicity. Emphasis is made on the usefulness of realtime brain ultrasonography for monitoring of certain meningitis during the acute phase as well as for detection of sequelae later on the clinical course. One of our patients had tuberculous meningitis, and as far as we know, our sonographic follow-up is the first reported so far in this disease.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1975

Periodic sleep apnea: chronic sleep deprivation related to intermittent upper airway obstruction and central nervous system disturbance.

Periodic sleep apnea may be due to repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction in patients who have a short thick neck and/or large jowls. Apnea due to complete cessation of breathing may occur to a lesser extent. Anaylsis of the sleep electroencephalogram shows that these patients rarely achieve deep sleep and have less stage 1-REM sleep than normal subjects of comparable age. They are chronically sleep-deprived, a manifestation expressed by daytime somnolence, chronic fatigue and often by personality disturbances marked by paranoia, agitated depression and hostility. The definitive diagnosis of this syndrome may be established by monitoring during sleep, the electroencephalogram, measuring abdominal excursions through a mercury-in-Silastic-strain gauge and recording air flow at the nose by means of a thermocouple. As demonstrated by other investigators, chronic hypoventilation during sleep leads to both pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension, which may produce generalized cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. The abnormalities in the periodic sleep apnea syndrome are abolished by establishing a patent airway either through tracheostomy or weight reduction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated system for measurement of mechanics of breathing.

We describe a complete automated system for measurement of total respiratory resistance and compliance, and of pulmonary resistance and compliance in humans and anesthetized animals. The device for testing the chest-lung system consists of a sinusoidal pump with a stroke adjustable from 20 ml to 600 ml over a cycling frequency of 0.3 to 30 Hz. Pressure and flow or volume are inputted into an analog network for wave shaping, then to an arithmetic unit composed of sample-and-hold amplifiers, peak, minimum and zero detecting circuits, an analog division circuit, and a digital logic processor. The computer takes the peak-to-peak amplitude of one of two sinusoidal inputs at 0.3 to 10 Hz and the corresponding amplitude of the other input in the presence of a.c. noise and d.c. shifts, divides one into the other, and displays an answer on a digital voltmeter. In addition, the analog output is displayed on the cathode-ray tube of a storage oscilloscope. Plots of total resistance and pulmonary resistance are recorded as a function of lung volume in both humans inspiring voluntarily as well as anesthetized dogs inflated by positive pressure from the test apparatus. Total and pulmonary dynamic compliance, as a function of breathing frequency, can only be measured by the computer if a symmetrical waveform is presented to it. This cannot be achieved in spontaneously breathing subjects but is accomplished in apneic animals by producing sinusoidal oscillations from the test apparatus. Our on-line method for measurement of total respiratory resistance is now used in the Clinical Pulmonary Laboratory for experimental work, and we are in the process of obtaining values in normal subjects.

Adult↗