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Biomedical subjects

J Landwirth

Publications and source records attributed to J Landwirth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Ethical issues in pediatric and neonatal resuscitation.

CPR in infants and children has a number of unique clinical, legal, and ethical aspects. The distinguishing clinical aspects relate to the circumstances of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest and their prognostic implications. The relevant legal and ethical considerations derive from the special triadic physician-child-parent relationship, the standing of parents as surrogate decision makers, and the progressive development of decisional capacity in maturing children. This paper discusses the implications of guidelines and policies concerning decisions to provide, withhold, or withdraw CPR and life support systems.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1990

Medical-legal aspects of immunization. Policy and practices.

The experience in the United States with the vaccine liability crisis demonstrates the vulnerability of public health policy and practice standards to independent developments in the legal arena. Scientific progress in the fields of immunology and molecular biology offer promise for the control of an increasing number of communicable diseases through immunization. Legal protections for pharmaceutical laboratories, manufacturers, and providers are appropriate incentives to continued development, supply, and administration of effective, affordable vaccines. At the same time, potential recourse to litigation in the courts in the event of vaccine-related injury provides society with desirable assurances of enforceable industrial and professional standards, as well as financial support for those who sustain serious adverse reactions to licensed vaccines. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 is an attempt to construct an equitable solution to this dilemma. Interested physicians and lawyers will have a role to play in the search for an appropriate balance between these important but competing values. Progress in science and the law in the field of public health generally, and vaccine development specifically, should be a collaborative enterprise. Familiarity with, and respect for, the basic principles and theories of both fields will be essential to this endeavor.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Children as witnesses in child sexual abuse trials.

When alleged child sexual abusers are prosecuted and brought to trial, child witnesses are often exposed to procedural requirements of the criminal justice system that may cause further psychologic trauma. These procedures are driven by the dual interests of pursuing the truth and protecting the constitutional rights of the accused to a fair trial with a presumption of innocence. Proposals for judicial reforms designed to balance both interests while shielding children from potential adverse effects of the process are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Fetal abuse and neglect: an emerging controversy.

Advances in fetal medicine have expanded opportunities for protection of fetal health and intrauterine management of an increasing number of fetal disorders. The legal rights and duties of parents to provide necessary medical treatment for the child may extend to the prenatal period. Resolution of the conflict between the rights of the fetus to be born healthy and the pregnant woman's right of privacy is difficult and controversial. It is suggested that intrusion into a woman's individual fundamental rights for the potential benefit of her fetus should be permissible only in narrowly defined circumstances.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

A review of pediatric inpatient care.

Between 101 and 188 medical records of children hospitalized in each of three community hospitals and one major teaching hospital were examined to determine need for admission and quality of care administered. Two of the hospitals had been similarily studied two years before. Twenty-five percent of all admissions and 17% of all patient days were considered unnecessary. The smallest number of inappropriate admissions was found in the major teaching institution, but one of the community hospitals without any teaching affiliation was notably better than the other two. The teaching hospital and the same community hospital also achieved the lowest questionable management rates. Significant (P less than 0.5) but minimal reduction had occurred in number of unnecessary admissions when first and second utilization studies in these two hospitals were compared.

Child↗