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Biomedical subjects

J Lin

Publications and source records attributed to J Lin.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Ankylosing spondylitis and heterogeneity of HLA-B27 in Chinese.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and heterogeneity of HLA-B27 in Chinese. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We subtyped HLA-B27 in 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 1 200 healthy Chinese of Han nationality. Polymerase chain reaction was designed to amplify specific regions of class I (exon 2 and 3). Amplified sequences were tested with eight sequence-specific oligonucleotides to distinguish all HLA-B27 subtypes. RESULTS: The HLA-B27 was closely related to ankylosing spondylitis and at least four subtypes presented in Chinese patients. B2704 was the most common subtype, occurring in 54.8% and 50.85% respectively in HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy controls. The main HLA-B27 subtypes in the HLA-B27 positive patients distributed in similar proportion to those of HLA-B27 positive healthy controls (P < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of various subtypes of HLA-B27 vary in different races. HLA-B2704 is the main subtype in Chinese Han nationality. The HLA-B27 specific residues that are shared by the subtypes might be involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A clinical-pathological study on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in 124 cases of perinates].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the morphological feature, its pathogenesis and clinical significance of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) through pathological examinations. METHODS: In addition to the routine pathologic examination, the brain tissues, including frontal lobus, temporal lobus, occipital lobus, hippocampus, capsula interna, cerebellum and medullary bulb, were sectioned and examined respectively. RESULTS: (1) 93.5% of cases had a history of direct or indirect asphyxia. (2) The main pathological alterations were edema, congestion, hyaline thrombosis, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells. Softening, calcification, cavity formation and fibrosis were also seen in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that congestion and edema of cerebral tissue were essential changes for the pathogenesis of HIE. Hemorrhage and necrosis were common pathological alterations. Fibrosis and cavitation were changes of convalescence. It is of primary importance to treat asphyxia during perinatal period for the prevention of HIE.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1996

Human breast cancer: genetic alterations in the MET gene region.

OBJECTIVE: to test whether the MET gene at chromosome 7q31, which encodes a receptor protein (tyrosine kinase) related to normal histological differentiation, undergoes structural changes in breast cancer. A previous study reported somatic alterations detected as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus in breast cancer. DESIGN: Analysis of DNA from tumours and matched normal tissue by Southern blot hybridization with the metH probe; the tumours were also analysed for estrogen and progesterone receptors, ploidy and S phase, and protein expression of the MET and c-erbB-2 protooncogenes. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-two patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of the patients were informative for polymorphism with the metH marker. Somatic alterations of MET, consisting of LOH, were demonstrated in 22% of women who were informative and had breast cancer. No correlation was found between LOH of MET and conventional prognostic factors, or status for c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene expression. Estrogen-receptor status correlated with progesterone-receptor status, and S phase correlated with ploidy and size of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic alterations of MET, detected as LOH with the metH probe, occur in 22% of informative patients. These alterations do not correlate with the prognostic factors established when the mastectomy is performed. It remains to be determined whether the patients' overall survival and disease-free survival rates are correlated with genetic alteration of MET.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Sociodemographic influences on Hispanic-white differences in blood pressure.

DATA ARE PRESENTED for 933 Hispanic and 7087 white men and women, ages 25 to 74, who participated in biennial cross-sectional surveys in California from 1979 to 1990. Using an unadjusted analysis, white women and men had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressures (123.4 mmHg versus 119.6 mmHg) and higher levels of hypertension (29.0% versus 22.9%) than Hispanic women and men (P values greater than 0.001). To reduce bias from confounding, a subset of 702 Hispanics were matched to 702 whites on age, gender, education, city of residence, and time of survey. All ethnic differences in blood pressure became nonsignificant in this analysis. The mean systolic blood pressure for whites was 120.0 mmHg; for Hispanics, 120.7 mmHg (24.4% hypertension for both groups, P values greater than 0.10). These findings show the importance of taking sociodemographic factors into account when examining ethnic differences in blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The association between copper ions and peroxidative reaction in diabetic cataract].

The concentration of copper ions in cataractous lenses was higher than that in clear lenses. The concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic (DM) group than in the non-diabetic (control) group. Compared to Cu4, the concentration of Cu24 was significantly greater in the DM group. The concentration of protein-unconjugated copper ions was higher than that of protein-conjugated copper ions. I assume that in cataractous lenses of the DM group, decrease of the reactivity of copper-containing enzyme, Cu, Zn-SOD (Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase), and increase of hydrogen peroxide lead to generation of hydroxyl radicals from a Fenton-like reaction. In diabetes, the increase of lenticular glucose induced glycation and the release of copper ions from copper-containing enzyme, followed by the increase of lenticular copper ions. As a result, superoxide scavenging activity was reduced and peroxide lipid was increased. I assume this to be due to hyperactivity of the cascade of peroxidation.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Latissimus dorsi free flap in orthopedic reconstructive surgery.

In complex musculoskeletal diseases, soft-tissue reconstruction is usually the key to a good clinical result. Selection of an ideal flap is a critical step in successful reconstruction. We performed latissimus dorsi free flap transfers in 52 patients with orthopedic disorders from 1988 to 1993. Recipient sites were the lower extremities (44), upper extremities (six) and buttocks (two). The indications for flap surgery comprised chronic ulcer (seven), osteomyelitis (nine), compound fractures (28), crushing or avulsion injuries (six) and malignancy (two). All of the flaps survived and the therapeutic goals were satisfactorily achieved. One patient had revision of vascular anastomosis and five patients underwent skin regrafting. Of eight patients who complained of bulkiness of the flap, only two patients had debulking surgery. No chronic infection occurred in either skeletal or soft tissue after flap coverage in any patients. Two of five heel flaps had initial ulcers and became endurable after one year. Two patients with malignancy were treated with wide resection and coverage with the flap. The esthetic and functional morbidity of the donor site was minimal. Through several modifications--segmentalization, tailoring, thinning and multiple islanding--the flaps become so versatile that they can be applied to different kinds of tissue defects in different locations of the body. This series of patients revealed the flap to be the most useful armament in the reconstruction of complex musculoskeletal diseases, particularly for orthopedic microsurgeons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The second case of Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) in a Chinese lady.

Paget's disease of the bone is extremely rare in the Chinese population. We report a case of a 91-year-old female patient who presented with a leg ulcer after an injury. On examination, she was incidentally noted to have bowing of the tibia and facial features suggestive of Paget's disease which was later confirmed with plain radiograph. An extensive search of the international literature over the last thirty years, including the use of Medline, has revealed only one other case report of Paget's disease in a Chinese patient in Thailand.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Hypergonadotropic secondary amenorrhea: clinical analysis of 126 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology and early diagnosis of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and to explore the appropriate treatment for preserving their reproductive function. METHODS: 126 cases of secondary amenorrhea with serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels > or = 40 IU/I, were analysed. Their clinical manifestations, karyotypes, ovarian morphology and histology, reproductive hormone assays, and responses to estrogen therapy and ovulation induction were studied. RESULTS: 6 cases presented with histories of ovarian surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among the other 120 cases, 18 manifested amenorrhea before or at 25 years of age, 102 developed amenorrhea after age 25. In the former group, 16 (88.9%) showed unilateral or bilateral gonadal dysgenesis, and the other 2(11.1%) were defined as resistant ovaries. Abnormalities of sex chromosome karyotype occurred in 44.4% (8/ 18). In the latter group, 68 underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy examination. Morphological and histological examinations of both ovaries showed atrophic ovaries in all cases accompanied by 30.9% (21/ 68) unilateral gonadal dysgenesis; sex chromosomal abnormality was found in only one with no sexual immaturation. The efficacy of estrogen treatment was significantly better among cases with amenorrhea less than 1 year as compared with those longer than 1 year. Clomiphene challenge test given to 8 cases during their irregular menstrual stages produced an elevation of FSH levels to > 20 IU/I. without any response of estradiol secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The earlier estrogen therapy is initiated, the greater possibility of pregnancy will be achieved in cases suffering from hypergonadotropic amenorrhea. The clomiphene challenge test may provide evidence of waning ovarian function for early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Selective training of the vastus medialis muscle using electrical stimulator for chondromalacia patella].

Chondromalacia patella is closely related with subluxation and tilt of patella, as well as with muscular atrophy of quadriceps, especially in vastus medialis muscle. 364 cases of chondromalacia patella were treated with selective training of the vastus medialis muscle using electrical stimulator in our hospital. 211 cases were followed up after treatment from 6 months to 3 years. Among them excellent and good results were seen in 130 cases (62%), fair results were seen in 69 cases (33%) and no change was seen in 12 cases (5%). Significant reduction of CA (P < 0.01) and LPA (P < 0.001) were observed in all these patients in comparison with their primary angle. We believe that the selective training of the vastus medialis muscle using electrical stimulator is one of the effective methods for the treatment of chondromalacia patella.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the result of one staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) operation under epidural anesthesia on patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: From April 1987 to December 1992, simultaneous bilateral TKA was performed on 45 patients (90 knees), including 41 patients with RA, 3 with juvenile RA, and 1 with Sjogren syndrome. The mean follow-up period was 63 months. RESULTS: Improved function and pain relief were noted in all patients. There were no wound healing problems. Thrombophlebitis was observed in few cases. Late infection rate was 5.6% (5 knees) and aseptic loosening was revised on 5 knees. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral TKA is not only a procedure of low cost, saving blood, reducing anesthesia risk, drugs' side effect and hospitalization, but also facilitates early rehabilitation. Except for late infection, there is no increase in complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The influence of surfactant on the alveolar morphology in premature rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of treatment by surfactant manufactured by our institute on premature rabbits through observation of alveolar morphologic changes. METHODS: The morphology of alveolar area in the premature rabbits were quantitatively studied by morphometry. RESULTS: In the surfactant treated group, there was a reduction of alveolar number, and increases in alveolus area and the ratio of alveolus to alveolar septum. These changes were better than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our surfactant was effective for respiratory distress syndrome in premature rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Obesity may have more pronounced effect on the occurrence of insulin resistance than hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the extent of insulin resistance in hypertensive and in obesity patients and verify their role on the occurrence of insulin resistance. METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by using euglycemic insulin clamp technique (EICT) in normal subjects (NS, n = 36), obesity (n = 23), hypertensive non-obesity patients (HT+nonobesity, n = 51) and hypertensive and obesity patients (HT+obesity, n = 54) Glucose metabolism ratio (M) served as an index of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: The height sequence of M value was: NS > HT+nonobesity > obesity > HT+obesity (ie, 9.2 +/- 1.0 > 7.6 +/- 2.0 > 6.7 +/- 1.5 > 5.2 +/- 1.8 mg.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.05). The incidence rate of decreased insulin sensitivity among the four groups was: HT+obesity > obesity > HT+nonobesity > NS (87.0%, 69.6%, 41.1% and 2.8%, P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, M value was greater in normotensives (n = 59) than in hypertension patients (n = 105) (8.0 versus 6.6 mg.kg-1min-1, P < 0.01). Multivariates analysis showed that BMI and SBP are the two most important determinants for M value, but the effect of 1 kg/m2 BMI is equivalent to that of 20 mmHg SBP. CONCLUSION: Decreased insulin sensitivity may be the common linkage between obesity and hypertension. Obesity may have more pronounced effect on insulin sensitivity than hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A quantitative study on the effect of breathing exercises in improving respiratory muscle contration].

To study quantitatively the effect of breathing exercises on the prevention of progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 324 patients with stable COPD were randomly assigned to either breathing exercises (BE) or placebo medicine as control. The maximum respiratory pressure (320 cases) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (129 cases) were monitored with RMS-1 and Type-2 gastrointestinal pressure measuring instrument. BE were taught and checked by experienced specialists periodically. Patients in BE group were compared with those in the control group by measuring MIP, MEP, Pdi, and Pdimax after one to 20 months. In BE group MIP increased by 30.42%, MEP 32.10%, Pdi 30.94%, and Pdimax 65.59% (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in the control group. MIP, MEP, Pdi, and Pdimax increased by 6.95%, 2.92%, 14.63% and 9.05% respectively (P < 0.05) in the control group. It is shown preliminarily that BE had potent and lasting effect on respiratory muscle contraction after studying large number of cases. The methods mentioned above can be used as quantitative indices for the contractile properties of respiratory muscle.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical technique for interruption of patent ductus arteriosus].

We developed a new operation with clipping of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical technique. Twenty-one patients underwent this procedure, since May, 1994. The average age was 5.8 years (range 2-16 years), and average weight was 16.5 kg (range 8-37 kg). All patients had successful closure of PDA, except one whe had open surgical PDA division and one who had opening of the clip after 72 hours. One had recurrent larygeal nerve injury and two had pneumothora on the left side. There were no other complications and no deaths. The need for a chest tube is in doubt if there is no air leak or bleeding. Closure of PDA by VATS is marked by safe, less postoperative pain and early recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Ultramicrostructural changes of articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium in human osteoarthritis of patellofemoral joint].

Ten patients with patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (OA) were studied by electron microscope (SEM&TEM) to identify ultramicrostructural changes in the destroyed articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. According to the results obtained, the author suggested that (1) Articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium in patellofemoral joint OA were noted to be in various degree of ultramicrostructural changes; (2) The cartilage degeneration in lateral compartment of patellofemoral joint were much more severe than that in medial compartment; (3) The subchondral bone had a strong tendency to undergo selerosis in the form of thicking and confluence of the trabeculae to form massive block of bone, which were not parallel to alteration of cartilage, and the rules of alteration were related to the character of loading; (4) The repair tissues of I-II grade degenerative cartilage were similar to normal cartilage, but those of III-IV grade degenerative cartilage were similar to fibrocartilage in many ways, because the source of repair tissues were different between them; (5) Alteration of synovium revealed only mild non-specific inflammatory changes following the changes of articular cartilage; (6) I-II grade patellofemoral joint OA was treated by conservative methods and III-IV grade OA should be treated by patellofemoral joint resurfacing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Expression of myelin basic protein gene in the developing human brain].

The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) gene in the developing human brain was studied by using Northern dot blot and in situ hybridization with 32P- and biotin-labeled rat MBP cDNA and Diglabeled human MBP cRNA probes so as to explore the relation of temporal and spatial expression of human MBP gene to myelinogenesis and myelination. The results of dot blot analysis showed that the expression of MBP mRNA was near 2.0 A590/microgram of RNA in the fetal brain at 16 weeks of conceptional age, and it increased progressively with development to have 9-fold increment (18 A590/microgram of RNA) in the adult brain. The insitu hybridization was performed with the sections of fetal spinal cord and medulla oblongata at 8-25 weeks of conceptional age, and of pons, midbrain, thalamus, cerebellum and cerebrum at 20, 22 and 25 weeks. The results indicated that the expression of MBP mRNA was found as early as 8-9 weeks and localized within the perinuclear cytoplasm of the scattered cells in the ventral horn of spinal cord and near the basis of the fourth ventricle of medulla oblongata. Whether the above-mentioned labeled cells are neurons or precursors of glial cell remains to be identified because they are larger in size and have more abundant cytoplasm than oligodendrocytes. The labeling of MBP mRNA abruptly increased and spread with the processes of oligodendrocytes to form a network in spinal cord and medulla at 20 weeks; meanwhile, labeling was obvious in pons and scattering in the other brain regions examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Disturbance syndrome of temporomandibular joint in cleft lip and palate patients with crossbite].

The function of temporor-mandibular joint in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) palients with crossibite was studied in this paper. 29 UCLP patients with crossbite were examined clinically and with Mandibular Kinesiography and X-ray. The results were as bellow (1) Insidence of TMJDS in UCLP patients with crossbite was 75.8%. (2) The condyle of 17.8% patients moved distally and 35.7% of patients moved distally asymmetry. (3) The distance of mandibular border movements in cleft patients were in normal range. We conclude that insidence of TMJDS in UCLP patients were high and we should take it into consideration in the orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗