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Biomedical subjects

J Lindström

Publications and source records attributed to J Lindström.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Increased concentrations of glycogen synthase protein in skeletal muscle of patients with NIDDM.

To examine whether changes in the glycogen synthase protein concentration contribute to impaired insulin-stimulated glycogen metabolism in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), muscle biopsies were taken before and after a 4-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure glycogen synthase activity and glycogen synthase protein concentrations in 14 patients with NIDDM and in 17 control subjects. Nonoxidative glucose metabolism was reduced by 64% in patients with NIDDM compared with control subjects and correlated with insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity (r = 0.55, P < 0.05). The concentration of glycogen synthase protein in skeletal muscle was higher in patients with NIDDM than in control subjects (6.75 +/- 0.88 vs. 4.41 +/- 0.50 counts.min-1.micrograms protein-1, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in glycogen synthase mRNA concentration between the two groups. The glycogen synthase protein concentration correlated inversely with the rate of nonoxidative glucose metabolism (r = -0.63, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the amount of glycogen synthase protein is increased in skeletal muscle of patients with NIDDM. The increase in the glycogen synthase protein may serve to compensate for a functional defect in the activation of the enzyme by insulin.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Acarbose and nutrient intake in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

We carried out a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial to evaluate changes in nutrient intake during acarbose therapy and short-term changes in metabolic control in Finnish patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The efficacy and tolerability of acarbose was also assessed during this short 8-week treatment period. Patients were treated either with diet only (18 subjects) or with diet and sulphonylurea (9 subjects) prior to entering this trial. The nutrient intake was assessed using food records kept during the last 2-5 days of each treatment period. Treatment with acarbose did not affect body weight or the intake of energy and carbohydrates, but it was associated with a slight decrease in the dietary fat intake. Both fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels fell continuously during acarbose but the change did not reach statistical significance during the 8-week treatment period. The 2-h serum insulin response was not affected. The results were similar in patients treated with acarbose alone and in those receiving acarbose together with sulphonylurea regimen. The acarbose regimen was relatively well tolerated although mild gastrointestinal side-effects were observed in many patients. In conclusion, treatment with acarbose has no major effects on nutrient intake in diabetic patients. To monitor changes in metabolic control after the introduction of acarbose to the treatment regimen a longer than 8-week period is needed.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1994

Effect of insulin on GLUT-4 mRNA and protein concentrations in skeletal muscle of patients with NIDDM and their first-degree relatives.

We examined whether insulin resistance, i.e. impaired insulin stimulated glucose uptake in NIDDM patients and their first-degree relatives is associated with alterations in the effect of insulin on the expression of the GLUT-4 gene in skeletal muscle in vivo. Levels of GLUT-4 mRNA and protein were measured in muscle biopsies taken before and after a euglycaemic insulin clamp from 14 NIDDM patients, 13 of their first-degree relatives and 17 control subjects. Insulin stimulated glucose uptake was decreased in the diabetic subjects (19.8 +/- 3.0 mumol.kg LBM-1.min-1, both p < 0.001) compared with control subjects (44.1 +/- 2.5 mumol.kg LBM-1.min-1) and relatives (39.9 +/- 3.3 mumol.kg LBM-1.min-1). Basal GLUT-4 mRNA levels were significantly higher in diabetic subjects and relatives compared to control subjects (99 +/- 8 and 108 +/- 9 pg/micrograms RNA vs 68 +/- 5 pg/micrograms RNA; both p < 0.01). Insulin increased GLUT-4 mRNA levels in all control subjects (from 68 +/- 5 to 92 +/- 6 pg/micrograms RNA; p < 0.0001), but not in the diabetic patients (from 99 +/- 8 to 90 +/- 8 pg/micrograms RNA, NS), or their relatives (from 94 +/- 9 to 101 +/- 11 pg/micrograms RNA, NS). In the relatives, individual basal GLUT-4 mRNA concentrations varied between 55 and 137 pg/micrograms RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic factors for local control and survival of cancer of the oral tongue. A retrospective analysis of 230 cases in western Sweden.

During the 19-year period from 1970 to 1988, 289 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were diagnosed in Western Sweden. In 230 of these, treatment regimens and results were analysed in an attempt to define prognostic factors for local control and survival. Tumour stages were: T1 26%, T2 32%, T3 30% and T4 13%. Nodal disease was seen in 32% of the patients. Sixty per cent of the patients had surgery, 74% external with or without combination with interstitial irradiation; and 32% received chemotherapy. The local control rate at five years was 59% (T1 66%, T2 67%, T3 44% and T4 0%). Survival at five years was 37% (T1 61%, T2 51%, T3 19% and T4 0%). By a multivariate procedure we demonstrate that the tumour related variables T-category, N-category and extension to the tonsillar region had a significant association with survival. Extension to the tonsillar region, extension to the floor of the mouth and level of neck nodes were significantly associated with local-regional control.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Infant feeding in Finnish children less than 7 yr of age with newly diagnosed IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: We studied associations between the type of feeding in infancy and the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 103 newly diagnosed diabetic children less than 7 yr of age and 103 age- and sex-matched population-based control children in a countrywide study. RESULTS: The risk of IDDM was decreased (P less than 0.05) among children breast-fed for at least 7 mo (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.85) or exclusively breast-fed for at least 3 (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.84) or 4 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) mo. Also, children who were greater than or equal to 4 mo old at the time of introduction of supplementary milk feeding had a lower risk of diabetes (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of a long duration of breast-feeding and a late introduction of dairy products on the risk of IDDM remained significant after adjusting for the mother's education.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

Reconstruction of severely resorbed edentulous maxillae using osseointegrated fixtures in immediate autogenous bone grafts.

A surgical technique for rehabilitation of severely resorbed edentulous maxillae using fixed prostheses or overdentures supported by osseointegrated fixtures in immediate autogenous corticocancellous bone grafts from the ilium is described. The results of the first 23 consecutively treated patients are reviewed. The mean observation time was 4.2 years (range 1 to 10 years). A total of 124 fixtures was originally placed into the grafts, supplemented with 16 fixtures inserted later into seven of the jaws. Throughout their observation period, 17 of the patients had continuously stable prostheses. The remaining five had overdentures, and one patient had resorted to a conventional complete denture. After 4 years, 12 of 16 patients had continuously stable prostheses. Corresponding values at 5 years were 7 of 8 patients. Calculated from the date of abutment connection, 82.1% and 81.6% of the original fixtures were clinically stable and radiographically osseointegrated after 4 and 5 years in function, respectively. From the date of fixture placement, the corresponding figures were 75.3% and 73.8%, respectively. The mean marginal bone loss after the first year of prosthesis function was 1.49 mm. The annual marginal bone loss thereafter was about 0.1 mm. The results indicate that this technique is worthwhile for patients with extreme maxillary atrophy and who cannot wear conventional complete dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: evidence for increased metastatic potential after irradiation.

Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare type of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with a characteristic morphologic appearance and specific clinical behavior. It has been claimed that this tumor may undergo dedifferentiation after radiotherapy; this will result in a more aggressive behavior. From 1968 to 1980, we have diagnosed and treated 569 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. Fourteen of them were reported to exhibit verrucous features macroscopically. These tumors were histopathologically reexamined. All 569 cases were stratified with regard to tumor stage (less than or equal to T2 N0 M0) and treatment (irradiation). Six patients of 340 were then diagnosed as having verrucous squamous cell carcinomas, according to the Ackerman criteria. The patients were followed for at least 5 years and regional metastases of poorly differentiated carcinoma developed in at least two patients in the verrucous carcinoma group within 2 1/2 years after full-dose irradiation. Among the patients with nonverrucous carcinoma, this frequency was estimated to be 3%. This study provides evidence that metastatic spread that occurs after irradiation is approximately 10 times more frequent (p less than 0.05) for T1-2 laryngeal verrucous carcinomas, as compared to the common type of squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Five years' experience with bone-anchored auricular prostheses.

A prosthetic device might be indicated in craniofacial reconstruction when plastic surgery is impossible or when the final cosmetic result is unsatisfactory. However, the attachment of a prosthesis is often very difficult. Bone-anchored, skin-penetrating titanium implants have been used for retention of auricular prostheses in 38 patients. The patients have been followed up for 1 to 5 years. No patient has been lost to follow-up. Only 1 implant out of the 159 inserted was found to have failed to integrate. Two skin-penetrating abutments have been removed because of inflammation where they penetrated the skin. The surgical procedure as well as the manufacture of the prostheses and the attachment is presented in detail.

Alginates↗
PubMed1984

An experimental and clinical study of osseointegrated implants penetrating the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.

Implants were inserted in the upper jaw of three dogs in such a way that they penetrated the bone wall of the nasal cavity. The dogs were killed one year later, and the hard and soft tissues around the penetrating implants were analyzed. Radiographic and histologic examinations did not show any signs of adverse tissue reaction. The implants were all integrated in bone without fibrous tissue formation in the interface. A total of 139 implants, which pierced the bone of the sinus or nasal cavity, were inserted in the upper jaws of 101 patients. Forty-four sinus- and 47 nasal-penetrating implants were observed for five to ten years. The success rates were 70% and 72%, respectively. For 25 sinus- and 23 nasal-penetrating implants that were observed for two to five years, the success rates were 88% and 96%, respectively. The implant losses in nearly all clinical cases occurred during the first two years of function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A simple operation for bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

To reduce the laryngeal obstruction in bilateral vocal cord paralysis, a new method of laterofixation was developed. The method is technically simple and less traumatic than previously published methods. No peroperative tracheostomy is needed. During surgery two needles are inserted through the thyroid cartilage. A nylon thread is passed through the needles and the needles are then withdrawn. The thread thus forms a permanent loop around the vocal cord. The effects of the laterofixation on breathing and on the voice are documented by assessment of upper airway resistance and by two listening panels respectively. Thirteen patients have been operated upon so far. In most cases the breathing was improved and the influence on the voice was moderate and adjustable. If needed the possibility to perform a more extensive surgical procedure still remains. We suggest our method of laterofixation to be the first treatment of choice in patients suffering from bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Direct bone anchorage of external hearing aids.

Some patients with hearing disorders cannot wear a conventional hearing aid but have to use bone conduction in which the aid has to be attached with steel springs over the head. A new method of reconstruction involving the insertion of bone-anchored screws has been tested in a clinical survey of 14 patients. A titanium implant was anchored in the temporal bone and, in a later session, connected to a skin penetrating abutment. An external hearing aid was snapped on to the abutment. The patients have now been followed up for 53 months. There have been no problems with the bone anchorage or with infections around the skin penetration site. The hearing of the patients has improved. The cosmetic result is reported to be favourable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Directly bone-anchored implants for fixation of aural epistheses.

In cases of missing outer ears, generally, epistheses are attached to eye-glasses which gives insecure attachment and a fairly poor cosmetic result. A new method for stable episthesis attachment is being tested in Gothenburg, Sweden. Threaded, cylindrical titanium implants are inserted with a meticulous technique in the temporal bone of the patient. At the next stage, 3-4 months later, the implants are connected to abutments which are allowed to penetrate the skin. To these abutments a silicone episthesis is attached. Presently, 7 patients who had no outer ear because of congenital disorders, hereditary diseases or status post trauma or tumour surgery have been operated and followed for up to 3 1/2 years. There have been no problems reported with the bone anchorage or the skin penetration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Postural and time-dependent effects on body height and scoliosis angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Changes in body height and scoliosis angle under the influence of gravity were studied in 40 patients with adolescent scoliosis. The average decrease in body height was 1% during a day. There were no significant changes in the mean angles of the scoliosis curves during the day. The patients were grouped according to age, standing and sitting heights, weight and skeletal maturation. A decrease in the scoliosis angles occurred in younger, more skeletally immature and lighter individuals, while an increase occurred in older, more skeletally mature and heavier individuals. The difference between the scoliosis angles measured from standing and supine views was also analyzed. The correction of the scoliosis angle in the supine position was on average 19%. No correlation was found between the change in angle and any of the growth factors studied. There was also no correlation between the change in angle and the degree of curvature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Aspects on treatment principles of tongue carcinomas.

The present investigation of a retrospective series of patients with tongue cancers aimed at assessing the results of various treatment principles. We suggest that surgery must be taken into account particularly when large primary tumors as well as palpable regional nodes are found. Because of the unpredictable metastasis behavior, even in cases of small primary tumors without clinical evidence of regional spread, the potential risk of regional microdeposits must always be suspected. Therefore, irradiation of the neck field with fractionated doses of 5,000 rad, alone or in combination with surgery should be considered in all patients with tongue cancers.

Aged↗