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Biomedical subjects

J Lobo

Publications and source records attributed to J Lobo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Application of the urea kinetic model to evaluate the adequacy of hemodialysis].

The evaluation of dialysis adequacy still remains an unsolved problem. The mathematical model proposed by Gotch and Sargent is now currently used to quantify the dialysis need in urysiemic patients. In this study we evaluated the reliability of this kinetic model in 9 patients admitted to high efficiency hemodialysis. Only 5 out of the 9 patients showed a Protein Catabolic Rate normalized (PCRn) within 0.8-1.6 gr/kg/die a range considered optimal for hemodialysis patients. The other patients showed a PCRn higher than 1.6 gr/kg/die and were therefore excluded from this study. The volume of urea distribution (V) measurements deduced from urea kinetic model showed a great variability with a very high mean value (more than 78.3 +/- 6.3%). We therefore suggest that for the evaluation of dialysis adequacy in patients submitted to high efficiency hemodialysis an arbitrary value of urea distribution equal to 60% of the body weight should be used. However further clinical and biochemical evaluations are needed to confirm whether this model might be considered as a reliable parameter of dialysis adequacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of the distribution coefficients of several classes of drug using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography.

Using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, with octan-1-ol as stationary phase and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as mobile phase, the behaviour of different drugs at 37 degrees C was studied. Three classes of drug were examined: beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. As well as ranking these compounds in terms of their distribution coefficients, an attempt was also made to assign a quantitative value to each. For the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists this was done by using a series of published values obtained using the shake-flask technique: for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents a series of standard compounds was used. No good calibration data were available for the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, but approximate values were assigned. The results obtained were compared with other published data and the applicability of the method discussed.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Inter- and intra-subject variability of nitrendipine and the effects of food.

Plasma concentrations of nitrendipine were measured, after single (20 mg) oral doses, in young healthy volunteers. On three occasions the subjects ingested the dose having fasted overnight. Data from these three occasions were used to assess variability in nitrendipine pharmacokinetics and both inter- and intra-subject variability were high. On a fourth occasion, the subjects took the tablet after a standard meal. The effects of food on nitrendipine pharmacokinetics, based on the comparison of data from the first fasting visit and the food visit, were negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ranitidine and cimetidine; drug interactions with single dose and steady-state nifedipine administration.

The effect of ranitidine 300 mg once daily and cimetidine 800 mg once daily on the disposition of nifedipine was studied in two groups of 12 volunteers. Both investigations were placebo-controlled cross-over studies. The first group received ranitidine, cimetidine or placebo for 5 days with 20 mg nifedipine given on the 5th day. Each period was separated by 1 week. The second group received nifedipine 10 mg three times daily for 5 days together with the H2-receptor antagonist or placebo. Cimetidine produced a significant increase in the AUC of both single and steady state dosing of nifedipine. Peak nifedipine levels were significantly increased only in the chronic dose study compared to placebo. Ranitidine did not produce any significant changes in either study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The intra- and inter-subject variability of nifedipine pharmacokinetics in young volunteers.

Plasma concentrations of Nifedipine were measured following single oral doses of Nifedipine Slow Release (Adalat Retard) on three separate occasions to young, healthy volunteers of both sexes. Intra- and inter-subject variability were assessed by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC, Cmax and T50%AUC. Interindividual variability was less than that observed in other studies with the beta-blockers, metoprolol and propranolol and there was no evidence of differences between the sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and the beta-adrenoceptor blockers metoprolol and atenolol.

Nifedipine, metoprolol and atenolol were administered orally to young, healthy volunteers. Each drug was given alone and nifedipine was also given with both beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Each drug was given for 3 days immediately before the study days. Plasma and urine drug concentrations were measured and the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters calculated. No pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and the beta-adrenoceptor blockers was revealed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

In vitro influence of some mammalian pituitary and placental hormones on androgen production by the lizard testis.

Effect of mammalian pituitary and placental hormones has been studied on in vitro androgen production by the testis of the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastix hardwicki. Aliquots of pooled testicular tissue from adult lizards were incubated individually with 1 microgram each, of oFSH, oLH, oTSH and 1 IU each of hCG, PMSG, and ACTH. Androgen was measured by testosterone radioimmunoassay in both the tissue and the incubation medium. Severalfold increase in androgen production was observed in the testicular tissue incubated with FSH, LH, TSH nd PMSG. Maximum stimulation was obtained with FSH. hCG also caused a measurable increase in androgen production but was much less potent than PMSG. Incubation of testicular tissue with ACTH did not result in a significant change in androgen production as compared to the controls. The hormonal specificity for steroidogenesis by the lizard testis has been discussed in the light of these results.

Androgens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socio-biological determinants of birth weight.

A study on a few selected socio-biological determinants of birth weight was conducted at a rural project hospital in Haryana. Records of 2292 singleton live births over a period of two years (1985-1987) were analysed, by bivariate and multivariate methods. The mean birth weight of the infants was 2715 g (S.D. 453). Mean birth weight of male infants was 92 g more than female infants. Literacy levels of both parents, maternal age, parity, place of residence and antenatal care were found to have significant influence on the birthweight. Multiple regression showed that maternal age, maternal literacy and place of residence had minimal influence on the birth weight compared to other factors.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of tetanus neonatorum in a rural area.

Experience in the control of tetanus neonatorum (TN) in a rural area is presented. TN was reduced by training of dais, increasing the coverage of tetanus toxoid to pregnant women and distribution of presterilized delivery kits to pregnant ladies for use by birth attendants. The problems of untrained birth attendants, effectiveness of tetanus toxoid coverage and place of delivery are discussed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge beliefs and practices regarding iodine deficiency disorders among the tribals in Car Nicobar.

It is estimated that 1,570 million people are at risk of iodine deficiency. Because of the wide spectrum of disorders that IDD includes, and lack of any obvious association between iodine deficiency and its health effects, IDD is not perceived as a major public health problem. For any disease to be effectively controlled, awareness at all levels from community to policy makers is necessary. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding iodine deficiency Disorders in Car Nicobar districts of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The population is predominantly tribals involved in coconut plantations. All the village heads of the sixteen villages and parents of 10% of the school children examined for goiter were interviewed. Initial focus group discussions were conducted as no prior knowledge about local names for goitre or other related IDD information was available. The interview schedule was designed in English which was then translated into Hindi and Nicobarese and back translated into Hindi and English. A total of 114 persons were interviewed 60 males, 54 females. The local name for goiter was "Rulo" and 44% felt that it only affected females. No one had correct knowledge of the cause of goiter. About half of the respondents believed that these swellings caused problems. Sixty three (55.3%) of respondents believed that there was treatment, of which 33 said there was medical treatment, 18 respondents said traditional treatment by "LAM-EEN" and 12 felt that both therapies are required. Majority (85%) brought salt samples from the Government canteen. They did not now whether this salt was iodised. Salt was not washed before use and storage practice was satisfactory. The awareness about IDD needs reinforcement. At present the community is a passive participant in the I.D.D. Control Programme.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidental hypothermia due to generalized psoriasis].

The accidental hypothermia is a disorder of corporal termoregulation, defined as a central temperature below 35 masculine C. According to the intensity may be classified in mild (35-32.2 masculine C), moderate (32.2-28 masculine C) and severe (below 28 masculine C). The most frequent causes are the exposure to cold, use of depressant drugs of central nervous system and hypoglycemia, although there are other less frequent. We present a case of moderate hypothermia due to generalized psoriasis which required admission in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital García Orcoyen. The termoregulation, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of accidental hypothermia are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral chylothorax after gastric surgery].

Chylothorax is a lymphatic effusion of chylous in the pleural space due to thoracic duct obstruction or injury. The most frequent aetiology is cancer; it is also related to chest trauma and iatrogenic. We describe the case of bilateral chylothorax in a 76-year-old woman, right predominant, during the post-operational phase of gastric surgery. This presented itself with respiratory insufficiency and tachycardia without initial haemodynamic compromise. It presented a favourable evolution after conservative treatment, cessation of oral intake and TPN and chest tube during 10 to 14 days.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and attitudes of rural adolescent girls regarding reproductive health issues.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls (10-19 years old) comprise about 22% of women in India. They are the mothers of tomorrow and the burden of planned reproduction rests on them. Yet very little is known about their knowledge and attitudes towards reproductive health issues--a crucial aspect if India is to achieve the net reproduction rate of 1 by AD 2016. This study aimed to gather information on areas required for the planning of family life education strategies. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the government schools and anganwadi premises of three villages of the primary health centre, Chhainsa, under the Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project Area (CRHSP), Ballabgarh, Haryana. The participants were 254 girls aged 13 to 17 years, who had attained menarche. A pre-tested interview schedule was administered to each girl after taking permission from the principals and parents and with the consent of the participants. The knowledge and attitudes regarding age at marriage, concept of small family norm, family size and preference for a son were assessed. RESULTS: All the girls were aware that there is a law regarding legal age of marriage but only 165 (65%) of them knew the correct legal age. Early marriage was preferred by 19 (7.6%). Though 214 (84.3%) girls were aware of the small family norm, only 19 (8.8%) knew the exact norm. A preferred family size of two or less was reported by 151 (59.2%). Preference for a son was reported by 233 (91.7%). CONCLUSION: All the girls were aware of the small family norm, but few could correctly define it. Though most girls preferred a two-child family, almost all of them had a preference for at least one son. This preference for a son could dominate their future decision-making. As attitude development is a long-term process, there is indeed a long way to go.

Adolescent↗