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J Lochard

Publications and source records attributed to J Lochard.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The evolution of radiological risk management: an overview.

The article presents the evolution of the principles that have structured the management of the risk associated with ionising radiation. It explains how a prudent approach has been adopted to deal with the uncertainties attached to the risk linked to low exposures. It particularly addresses the way in which a dose-risk relationship and a philosophy of action have been gradually developed so that risk-taking is organised in a responsible manner. Finally, the way expertise has been structured in the framework of a cautious approach is underlined.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Chernobyl post-accident management: the ETHOS project.

ETHOS is a pilot research project supported by the radiation protection research program of the European Commission (DG XII). The project provides an alternative approach to the rehabilitation of living conditions in the contaminated territories of the CIS in the post-accident context of Chernobyl. Initiated at the beginning of 1996, this 3-y project is currently being implemented in the Republic of Belarus. The ETHOS project involves an interdisciplinary team of European researchers from the following institutions: the Centre d'etude sur l'Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucleaire CEPN (radiological protection, economics), the Institute National d'Agronomie de Paris-Grignon INAPG (agronomy, nature & life management), the Compiegne University of Technology (technological and industrial safety, social trust), and the Mutadis Research Group (sociology, social risk management), which is in charge of the scientific co-ordination of the project. The Belarussian partners in the ETHOS project include the Ministry of Emergencies of Belarus as well as the various local authorities involved with the implementation site. The ETHOS project relies on a strong involvement of the local population in the rehabilitation process. Its main goal is to create conditions for the inhabitants of the contaminated territories to reconstruct their overall quality of life. This reconstruction deals with all the day-to-day aspects that have been affected or threatened by the contamination. The project aims at creating a dynamic process whereby acceptable living conditions can be rebuilt. Radiological security is developed in the ETHOS project as part of a general improvement in the quality of life. The approach does not dissociate the social and the technical dimensions of post-accident management. This is so as to avoid radiological risk assessment and management being reduced purely to a problem for scientific experts, from which local people are excluded, and to take into consideration the problems of acceptability of decisions and the distrust of the population towards experts. These cannot be solved merely by a better communication strategy. This paper presents the main features of the methodological approach of the ETHOS project. It also explains how it is being implemented in the village of Olmany in the district of Stolyn (Brest region) in Belarus since March 1996, as well as its initial achievements.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Return to normality after a radiological emergency.

Some preliminary considerations from the management of post-accident situations connected to large scale and high land contamination are presented. The return to normal, or at least acceptable living conditions, as soon as reasonably achievable, and the prevention of the possible emergence of a post-accident crisis is of key importance. A scheme is proposed for understanding the dynamics of the various phases after an accident. An attempt is made to characterize some of the parameters driving the acceptability of post-accident situations. Strategies to return to normal living conditions in contaminated areas are considered.

Accidents↗
PubMed1980

[Acute post-stress pancreatitis (apropos of 7 cases)].

The authors report 7 cases of acute non-primary pancreatitis occurring in trauma patients without any initial abdominal injury. Six of the patients were male and the age range 38 to 80 years. Four were hospitalized for trauma with a severe state of shock on admission. In 5 cases there was a thoracic trauma. The complication developed within a period of 3 to 45 days. The clinical picture was scanty, examination of the patient invariably revealing abdominal distension. The diagnosis was based above all on laboratory findings: high blood glucose, independent of carbohydrate instake and insulin therapy. Treatment should first be medical, but if clinical and laboratory abnormalities persist after 12 hours treatment should be surgical: pancreatectomy of adequate extent to deal with the lesions. Pancreatic findings are characterised by their necrotico-haemorrhagic appearance. Lesions of the gland were partial, total or multifocal. The pathogenesis is not defined. Numerous factors have been suggested. The prognosis is grave: five deaths amongst the seven cases.

Acute Disease↗