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Biomedical subjects

J Lombard

Publications and source records attributed to J Lombard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Treatment results of fractures of the patella using pre-patellar tension wiring. Analysis of a series of 203 cases].

Two hundred three fractures of the patella in 200 patients were treated by tension band wire fixation using one or several wire loops and 2 longitudinally directed Kirschner wires. They were reviewed with a mean follow-up of six years (range 1 to 10 years). There were 143 men and 57 women. Age at operation averaged 36 years (range 18 to 83 years). The most frequent etiology was a road traffic accident. The fractures were simple in 35.5%, slightly comminuted in 37%, and very comminuted in 27.5% of cases. Thirty-four fractures were open, and there were other associated fractures in 35 cases (17%); 12 fractures (6%) were seen in polytrauma patients. The operation was performed on the first day in 63 cases (31.5%), between 2 and 8 days following trauma in 112 cases (56%), and after the 8th day in 25 cases (12.5%). The authors used 2 Kirschner wires in 81 cases (40%), 3 in 73 cases (36%), and more than 3 in 49 cases (24%). A single wire loop was used in 99 cases and a modified tension band wiring in 104 cases; passive mobilisation of the knee was started on the second day after operation, and weight bearing was allowed after five days, except when there were associated lesions. The complications were sepsis in 11 cases (5%), loosening of material in 20 cases (10%), malunion in 9 cases (4.5%), nonunion in 8 cases (4%), femoropatellar osteoarthritis in 17 cases (8.5%). The results were excellent or good in 169 cases (83%), and fair or poor in 34 cases (17%). The authors recommend this operative technique which allows good anatomic reconstruction of the patella, early mobilisation of the knee and early weight-bearing with a high rate of consolidation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Autism: a mitochondrial disorder?

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by disturbance in language, perception and socialization. A variety of biochemical, anatomical and neuroradiographical studies imply a disturbance of brain energy metabolism in autistic patients. The underlying etiology of a disturbed bioenergetic metabolism in autism is unknown. A likely etiological possibility may involve mitochondrial dysfunction with concomitant defects in neuronal oxidative phosphorylation within the central nervous system. This hypothesis is supported by a frequent association of lactic acidosis and carnitine deficiency in autistic patients. Mitochondria are vulnerable to a wide array of endogenous and exogenous factors which appear to be linked by excessive nitric oxide production. Strategies to augment mitochondrial function, either by decreasing production of endogenous toxic metabolites, reducing nitric oxide production, or stimulating mitochondrial enzyme activity may be beneficial in the treatment of autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

[Morphology of the distal root of the first mandibular molar].

This work studies the morphology of distal roots of the first mandibular with the support of X rays and transversal sections. The frequency of the different types of roots (according to the Weine classification) and the shape of their section is studied statistically. The results enable a better approach of the endodontic shaping.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1988

An ALARA approach to the radiological control of foodstuffs following an accidental release.

This article presents a methodology based on two complementary approaches, thus allowing a selection of maximal concentration in foodstuffs for determining appropriate countermeasures. The first approach is based on a minimal and maximal per capita intervention level and takes into account the annual intake of each product. The second one is based on a cost-benefit analysis, comparing the advantages of a countermeasure concerning those products presenting a contamination higher than a given maximal concentration (in terms of reduction of cost of the detriment associated with the risk), with its drawbacks (in terms of cost of the products) in order to select the "ALARA" maximal concentration. This second approach is used as a complement to the first one. The results obtained through these two approaches are given for four products (milk, meat, fresh vegetables, and corn) and two nuclides (Cs-137 and I-131). These are presented for various scenarios: one or various products contaminated by one or various radionuclides. It is concluded that these two approaches are complementary, the first one being related to individual risk and the second to collective risk. Therefore, these approaches are both of interest in the context of the elaboration of modalities for the radiological control of foodstuffs following an accidental release and both methods may be useful for determining appropriate countermeasures.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

A contribution to optimizing radiological protection in a U mine.

This article presents an optimization study for radiological protection in a U mine. The mathematical model of the alpha contamination associated with short-lived Rn daughters allows the comparison of various protection strategies through a cost-effectiveness analysis. Determining the optimal protection strategy is carried out by choosing a value for the mansievert. This procedure may be of use as a decision-aiding tool within the framework of radiological protection.

Calcium↗
PubMed1985

Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma model: evaluation of the subrenal capsular assay system.

During the course of the last 6 years, this laboratory unit has evaluated the Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma model with respect to various chemotherapies. Heretofore, tumors were treated after they had been implanted in the subcutaneous space. The most active chemotherapeutic agents have been cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum. Herein, we report our initial experience utilizing the subrenal capsular assay. The advantage of this system is that one is able to determine the effect of chemotherapy in a very short period of time, ie, 7 days. This may be a method to save considerable expense and may serve as a useful predictor for potential future chemotherapeutic trials. In our assay systems, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cis-platinum, and methotrexate did result in a significant decrease in the change in tumor volume. This change paralleled the results that we have seen in the past with the use of chemotherapy of the subcutaneous tumor nodules. Further exploration of this method is warranted from a time efficiency standpoint as well as a cost standpoint.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced myogenic depolarization in hypertensive cerebral arterial muscle.

We have previously demonstrated pressure-dependent membrane depolarization and action potential generation in cat cerebral arteries. It was the purpose of this study to examine and compare the membrane electrical responses to increasing transmural pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats with those of their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls. It was found that at transmural pressures from 40-160 mm Hg, spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle depolarized more than normotensive counterparts. Pressure-induced action potentials could be recorded from arterial segments from both animal strains; however, the amplitude and upstroke velocity was significantly greater in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle. These data suggest that there are altered ionic permeabilities in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle which result in enhanced response to increasing transmural pressure. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Action Potentials↗