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Biomedical subjects

J M Bell

Publications and source records attributed to J M Bell.

107 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Problems in general anaesthesia. Dental.

Administration of general anaesthetics in the dentist's surgery is widely practised in Australia. There is considerable demand for this service, and those doctors who supply it fill a very real need. Where medical practitioners fail to supply this service, dentists are forced to use sedation techniques and may be tempted to push these beyond the limits of safety.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1976

Amino acid requirements of the growing mouse.

Using diets based on rat amino acid requirements, containing 2.0% nitrogen and 4.1 digestible kcal/g, the dietary levels of ten essential amino acids required for normal post-weaning growth of Swiss X Carworth Farms No. 1 crossbred mice were estimated. The response criteria used were growth rate, dry matter intake, energy and protein contents of body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and apparent biological value. Maximum responses were obtained when the dietary dry matter contained less than or equal 0.3% arginine, 0.2% histidine, 0.4% isoleucine, 0.7% leucine, less than or equal 0.4% lysine, 0.5% methionine, less than or equal 0.4% phenylalanine, 0.4% threonine, less than or equal 0.1% tryptophan and 0.5% valine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circular questions: a family interviewing strategy.

Assessment strategies for working with the family of the critically ill typically focus on collecting data from family members in order to determine if the family requires further support or intervention. This article describes using the technique of circular questioning to obtain information from and provide the family with new information. Circular questions are interventions as well as assessment strategies. The authors provide critical care examples of the use of circular questions with families of the critically ill.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stressful life events and coping methods in mental-illness and -wellness behaviors.

A descriptive comparative study examined not only the relationship between stressful life events and mental-illness and -wellness behaviors but also the coping methods used by individuals exhibiting each behavior. Data collection included the use of the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale and an 18-item coping scale administered to experimental and control samples. The experimental group consisted of 30 psychiatric inpatients in three general hospitals who were oriented in three spheres. Control group subjects had no history of psychiatric illness, were currently not receiving medical treatment, and were adequately functioning in socially accepted roles. They were randomly selected to match the patient on the basis of age, sex, and county of residence. The experimental group reported that significantly more stressful life events had occurred in the last six months and significantly more short-term than long-term coping methods had been used when compared with the control group. Sex and age differences were noted. A significant association was found between high stress scores and short-term coping methods for subjects in both groups. The concept of change as it relates to stress and its effect on health is an important consideration for health care professionals whose goals are health maintenance and illness prevention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional cerebral palmitate incorporation following transient bilateral carotid occlusion in awake gerbils.

[14C]Palmitate was injected intravenously in awake gerbils at various times after 5 minutes of bilateral carotid artery occlusion or a sham operation. Regional rates of incorporation of plasma palmitate into the hippocampus and other regions of the anterior circulation were determined relative to the mean rate of incorporation into regions of the posterior circulation using quantitative autoradiography and a ratio method of analysis. One day after bilateral carotid occlusion, relative palmitate incorporation was elevated significantly by 16% in the CA4 pyramidal cell layer and by 20% in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus compared with sham-operated gerbils. At 3 days, significant elevations of this magnitude were found in the CA3 and CA4 cell layers, whereas relative incorporation was reduced by 26% in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer. At 7 days, the only significant difference from control was a 15% elevated incorporation in the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Histologic examination indicated substantial cell death in the CA1 pyramidal layer at 3 days, with extensive glial reaction and phagocytic invasion at 7 days. Our results suggest that the turnover of palmitate-containing lipids is reduced in the CA1 layer of the gerbil hippocampus but that lipid synthesis is stimulated in hippocampal regions (CA3, CA4, dentate gyrus) affected by but recovering from transient bilateral carotid occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home testing of fructosamine improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weekly fructosamine testing at home by patients with type 2 diabetes, combined with therapeutic intervention when necessary on the basis of the results, would lead to improved glycemic control in comparison with usual care during a 3-month period. METHODS: In a prospective study, 25 patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values above 8.0% were randomized into 2 groups. Both groups, a glucose-only testing group (14 patients with an initial mean HbA1c of 9.4 +/- 0.9%) and a combined glucose plus fructosamine testing group (11 patients with an initial mean HbA1c of 9.2 +/- 0.7%), received therapeutic intervention at the time of randomization. Both groups were instructed to perform blood glucose testing up to four times per day. The combined glucose plus fructosamine testing group was also instructed to perform weekly fructosamine testing in addition to the glucose testing and to telephone the investigator if their home-testing fructosamine value exceeded 350 mmol/L (approximately equivalent to HbA1c of 7.8%), whereupon the investigator implemented further interventions. Both groups returned in 3 months, at which time HbA1c testing was repeated in order to determine whether glycemic control had changed. RESULTS: The study results after 3 months showed that the HbA1c values in the combined glucose plus fructosamine testing group decreased from 9.2 +/- 0.7% to 8.0 +/- 0.5% (P<0.0001). In contrast, the HbA1c values in the glucose-only testing group declined from 9.4 +/- 0.9% to 9.1 +/- 1.3%, a difference that was not significant. CONCLUSION: In the 3 months after a change in therapy for type 2 diabetes, weekly home testing of fructosamine, combined with therapeutic interventions based on the results, led to a more rapid and significant improvement in glycemic control than did the usual regimen of glucose-only testing.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developments in surgical oncology--past, present, and future trends.

The historical development of integrated treatment programs for locally advanced or aggressive cancers, for which the results of surgical excision or radiotherapy are unsatisfactory, is reviewed. Chemotherapy should be used first (induction chemotherapy), while tumour vasculature is intact; intra-arterial infusion gives a greater regional effect. Central residual tumour may be eradicated by subsequent radiotherapy and/or surgery. Regional induction chemotherapy is particularly useful in treating locally advanced stage III breast cancer, locally advanced head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, and locally advanced sarcomas and melanomas of the limbs. A team approach, involving surgical and medical oncologists, radiotherapists, immunologists, and others should improve the results in these patients.

Combined Modality Therapy↗