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Biomedical subjects

J M Boyce

Publications and source records attributed to J M Boyce.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The agglutination reactions of Haemophilus paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and some observations on the agglutination of H. Aphrophilus and H. haemoglobinophilus (H. canis).

Agglutination tests were used to study the surface antigens of two recently described species of the genus Haemophilus, H. paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and their antigenic relationship to other members of the genus. The results obtained with a few strains of H. haemoglobinophilus and H. aphrophilus are also reported. The species H. paraphrophilus appears to be homogeneous; no major cross-reactions were observed. The species H. paraphrohaemolyticus contains at least three serotypes, of which two have been defined in terms of agglutination reactions. Cross-agglutinations occurred between one strain of H. paraphrohaemolyticus and strains of the other V-dependent species, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus. Of the X-dependent species, H. haemoglobinophilus seems to be homogeneous, and the species H. aphrophilus is not. A non-specific antibody against horse blood in the medium occurred erratically and was present in only two antisera, those raised to H. aphrophilus strain Khairat and H. haemoglobinophilus strain no. NCTC8540.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1975

A case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium hofmanni and Candida albicans.

The case is described of a 49-year-old woman who developed endocarditis in relation to the prosthetic valve two months after insertion of a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis. Initially Corynebacterium hofmanni was isolated from blood culture. Later, while the patient was receiving antibacterial chemotherapy, Candida albicans was also isolated and she was treated with 5-fluorocytosine. A cure was effected without the need for further valve replacement.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1975

Antenatal screening for candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and gonorrhoea.

Gonorrhoea was not found to be a problem in antenatal patients. It was found in only one out of 625 women, thus confirming other British surveys which do not agree with the North American figures. Candidiasis is commoner than trichomoniasis (27.4 and 4.7 per cent. prevalence respectively) and culture of a high vaginal swab is more effective as a means of diagnosis than a cervical cytology smear. The two conditions seldom occur together. The detection rate for Candida increases with gestation, but not with age, parity, or premarital and extramarital conception. The species isolated was predominantly Candida albicans. Trichomonads are detected in culture of a high vaginal swab more often than in a cervical cytology smear. Detection does not increase with age, parity, or gestation, but does increase with premarital and extramarital conception. It is difficult to diagnose clinically the cause of vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic studies of an outbreak of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

In a six-month period in 1978 61 patients at a university hospital became colonized or infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ninety-three percent of patients with MRSA were on surgical services. Patients with burns acquired MRSA more frequently than did other acutely ill surgical patients (p less than .001), and often remained colonized for 30 days or more. The interval between admission and acquisition of S. aureus, number of antibiotics received, duration of antibiotic therapy before becoming colonized, and cost of hospitalization, were significantly greater in patients with MRSA infection than in matched controls with nosocomial methicillin-sensitive S. aureus infections. Acquisition of MRSA was epidemiologically associated with exposure to certain hospital personnel. Fourteen (6%) of 220 personnel exposed to MRSA patients harbored MRSA intranasally. Three of 14 colonized personnel carried MRSA intermittently for three or more months. Appropriate control measures failed to terminate the outbreak.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States.

Although several outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been reported in recent years, the geographic distribution and frequency of MRSA infections in American hospitals is unknown. We conducted a questionnaire survey to determine the magnitude of the problem. Data from 261 hospitals were included in the survey. MRSA were reported by 145 hospitals located in 36 states. Large hospitals reported these organisms significantly more often than small hospitals (p less than .001). University hospitals reported MRSA more often than community or community-teaching hospitals (p less than .001 and p less than .005, respectively). The number of hospitals reporting MRSA increased from 24 in 1975 to 112 in 1980 (p less than .001. Our data suggest that MRSA are widely distributed geographically and that the number of hospitals with these organisms has increased dramatically since 1975.

Cross Infection↗