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J M Chennebault

Publications and source records attributed to J M Chennebault.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Iodoform poisoning. 3 cases].

Three cases of iodoform poisoning are described following dressings with 10% iodoform gauze (0.10 x 5 m) on extended wounds. Five, ten and sixteen days after the beginning of dressings, the patients became confuse, hallucinated, and one of them was subsequently comatose. Vomiting, fever, tachycardia with premature ventricular beats and shortening of P-R interval, slight increase of transaminases and proteinuria were observed. Within a few days (3 to 8) after the iodoform dressings were discontinued, the signs of iodoform toxicity disappeared. The toxicity of iodoform is probably unrecognized if the rarity of the observations published and the amount of iodoform gauzes annually sold are compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Use of intravenous adrenalin in severe acute asthma].

The efficacy of and tolerance to intravenous Adrenaline (IV) have been assessed in cases of acute severe asthma (AAG). From January 1983 to March 1990 there were 56 episodes of AAG treated by intravenous Adrenaline using an average dose of 0.33 microgram per kilogramme per minute, in association with intravenous steroid therapy and Aminophylline (0.6 mg/kg per hour). A group of 12 patients were ventilated before admission and were excluded from the study. Two groups were defined on the basis of their admission PaCO2: Group A with 30 episodes of AAG and a PaCO2 above 45 mm of mercury, Group B with 14 episodes of AAG and a PaCO2 of less than 45 mm of mercury. The clinical improvement was equally rapid in both groups on average 8.7 (plus or minus 8.2) hours in Group A and 14.6 (plus or minus 15.7) hours in Group B. Artificial ventilation was only required in 2.3% of cases (7% in Group A and none in Group B). Treatment using intravenous Adrenaline is well tolerated as is shown by the absence of any worsening of the tachycardia, the significant fall in blood pressure after correcting the PaCO2 in Group A and the absence of any raised blood pressure in Group B. In conclusion, treatment with intravenous Adrenaline associated with IV Theophylline and IV corticosteroids based on the fact of its rapid action and that it is well tolerated, means that this drug should be considered as part of the therapeutic arsenal during acute severe asthmatic attacks in patients who are breathing spontaneously.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Primary staphylococcal septicemia in adults. A retrospective study].

In this retrospective study, 100 cases of primary staphylococcal septicaemia collected in 5 hospitals over a 2-year period were reviewed. Out of 91 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 6 were methicillin-resistant, but all 6 came from the same hospital. The mortality rate was 36 per cent. The only prognostic factors elicited were chronic renal failure and septic shock. The 64 patients who survived stayed in hospital for a mean period of 42 days, and 42 recovered without sequelae. Staphylococcal infections remain serious and are not all hospital-acquired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Drug resistance in malaria, what to do? Apropos of 3 cases].

The authors report three clinical observations of drug resistance; two of them have their origin in French Guiana and the third one in East Africa. They note that these cases are linked to bad advice of prevention concerning the risk of malaria, diagnosis carried out sometimes late for these zones of resistance; they recommend: to inform and teach the patient how to use a self-treatment in case of bout of malaria, to give better advice to the Physicians concerning the reality of malaria in 1985 instead of using a complex diagram of chemoprophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamic study of anti-HIV antibody avidity after cellular immunity restoration under antiretroviral treatment].

We have studied the evolution of the avidity of anti-HIV antibodies, in 14 infected patients with Aids, including 11 patients with severe immunodeficiency at Aids stage and under active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 3 non-treated patients with moderate immunodeficiency. These patients have been followed up to 4 years, every 4 months the first year and every 6 months the three others, with HIV1 RNA viral load, CD4 and CD8 cells dosages and anti-HIV avidity measurements (Axsym HIV-1/2), using 1 M guanidine denaturation. A rapid decrease of the viral load was observed under Haart, inducing immune restoration with CD4 and CD8 cells increases (10 and 2-fold respectively). The decrease of anti-HIV avidity (- 20%) has been observed after 5 to 8 months under Haart, with a return to baseline value (84%). The quick restoration of CD4 cells with a persistence of viral antigens at the beginning of treatment has facilitated the selection of novel naive B lymphocytes producing low-affinity antibodies, measured by the decrease of global anti-HIV avidity. The reduction or even clearance of viral antigens under Haart could secondarily induce the selection of B lymphocytes with higher antibody affinity and therefore higher anti-HIV avidity. Thus, this avidity measurement could be used to assess the functional activity of CD4 cells restoration in HIV infected patients under Haart.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibody avidity: use for the diagnosis of HIV early infection].

Determination of IgG avidity is useful to distinguish primary infection from reactivation or reinfection in viral, parasitic or bacterial infections. For diagnosis of HIV type 1 primary infection, the detection of IgM antibodies is often useless since they are also found in chronic infection. The usual serology (Elisa, western-blot, p24 antigen) may present no interest if done too late (more than 2 or 3 months after infection). Therefore, we have developed a test to determine the avidity of anti-HIV1 antibodies, using 1 M guanidine as denaturing agent. We have adapted the measurement of avidity to the Axsym automatic system for a routine use. Indeed, since requests for avidity determinations are sporadic, the use of microplates is not convenient. Using this assay, we found a low avidity (less than 50%) in immunocompetent and recent infected patients (less than 6 months), compared to old infected patients (more than 12 months) who had high avidity (80 to 100%). However, early treated patients (in the 6 months after contamination) had also low avidities but with a slower development of antibody maturation (8 to 27 months versus 2 to 8 months in non treated patients). To conclude, the determination of the anti-HIV1 avidity, according to the proper procedures explained here (notion of treatment and/or serious immunodepression), may help the physician to date the infection in each new infected patient who might benefit from an early treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. A multicenter retrospective study of 182 cases].

The spectrum of 182 hospital Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, collected over a five-year period, is reviewed. The diagnosis was based on complement fixation test. Mycoplasma infection was encountered mainly in young people, mean age 29 years. Eighty-four per cent presented with an atypical pneumonia, 33 per cent had extrapulmonary manifestations mainly neurological and cutaneous. Acute respiratory failure occurred in 32 cases. Only 5 patients died. Macrolides or tetracyclines remain the most effective antibiotics but spontaneous recovery is usual.

Adolescent↗